| > I found your old message where you posted an example orc. Your approach
> does sound a lot nicer on the higher notes. *BUT*...
>
> --it requires sr=kr which I frequently don't like.
Yes. I always set sr=kr. I never use Csound for realtime.
> --First impression: it sounds subjectively weaker in the bass compared
> to my approach. Maybe that's fixable.
It might be due to the leaky integrator. Using a factor closer to 1 , or
even 1 (the integ opcode just do that) should fix the problem, at the cost
of major sensitivity to initial DC
> --it glitches badly below 50 hz, and I don't understand your approach
> well enough to fix that.
Really? Maybe I set the maximum delay time expected in delayr to 1/50 sec,
simply put a bigger buffer of say 1 sec...
>
>
> Today I spent some time playing with another approach:
> I'll post it when I've got it cleaned up and tweaked a bit better.
Yes please, I´d be very interested in it!
Josep M Comajuncosas
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From: Hans Mikelson
To: Csound mailing list
Subject: Re: Pulse width modulation!
Date: Sun, 13 Dec 1998 12:29:45 -0600
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Hi,
I'm planning on implementing this as a vco opcode so if someone comes up
with something better than what I have now I'll use that instead if they
don't mind.
Bye,
Hans Mikelson
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From: luis jure
To: CSound list
Subject: RV: Pulse width modulation!
Date: Sun, 13 Dec 1998 18:45:59 -0300
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----------
> De: Paul Winkler
> Erik Spjut has kindly reminded me that there have, in fact, been several
> PWM instruments posted to this list: his own, Josep M Comajuncosas', and
> Luis Jure's. I spent some time today playing with all three. They all
> have strong points and weak points. [...]
Well, I guess mine has mostly weak points. The idea was repeating a
linseg cyclically using reinit (kr=sr), and gradually change its form
with an envelope. The instrument was flexible in that the same
principle could be used for PWM or to modulate from sawtooth to
triangular, and you could use different envelopes for the modulation,
in one direction or the other, back and forth, etc. The obvious problem
was that the output was not bandlimited, and those straight lines and
angles waveforms have infinite number of harmonics, producing thus
heavy aliasing. Josep's design was much better, using buzz for the
band-limited pulse and a comb filter with variable delay for the
modulation. I don't have Erik's instrument, maybe you could post it
again to the list?
Not long ago I tried to implement in Csound the principles described in
an article about this topic:
John Lane, Dan Hoory, Ed Martínez, and Patty Wang (1997)
Modeling Analog Synthesis with DSPs.
Computer Music Journal, 21:4, pp. 23-41.
They use the absolute value of a sine wave and a highpass filter to
produce band-limited sawtooth, and in different combinations triangle
and square waves can also be obtained. It works; the exact settings of
the filters are critical, though. Some of the Csound experts with a good
knowledge of filter theory and DSP could develop this further.
Luis Jure
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Does anyone know of a version of Csound that runs in DOS and supports
realtime audio output? The versions for 286, 386 and 486 at the Leeds
site don't support realtime output. RTSound runs in the DOS prompt within
Win95, but when I'm actually in DOS mode it doesn't. I was just wondering
because I want to see how much cleaner I can get things running without
using Windows at all. Thanks.
Kevin Gallager, kgallagh@astro.temple.edu
Web - http://astro.temple.edu/~kgallagh
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Date: Sun, 13 Dec 1998 23:21:56 -0600 (CST)
From: "Pablo Silva-Escuela Nacional de Musica, UNAM"
To: Csound mailing list
Subject: Re: [ANNOUNCE] unofficial linux csound 3.49.3.3e available
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Hi:
I was just wondering whether this linux release of Csound would be able to
run on a Mac G3 running LinuxPPC, or whether the code would be
Intel-clone-specific??
Thanks
Pablo Silva
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Date: Mon, 14 Dec 1998 07:28:34 +0100 (ROM )
From: Nicola Bernardini
To: "Pablo Silva-Escuela Nacional de Musica, UNAM"
cc: Csound mailing list
Subject: Re: [ANNOUNCE] unofficial linux csound 3.49.3.3e available
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On Sun, 13 Dec 1998, Pablo Silva-Escuela Nacional de Musica, UNAM wrote:
[snip]
> I was just wondering whether this linux release of Csound would be able to
> run on a Mac G3 running LinuxPPC, or whether the code would be
> Intel-clone-specific??
I don't know of anybody running it on LinuxPPC - but there's always
a first time :-). Actually, I'd be glad to adjust the configure.in file
to allow compilation and linking on LinuxPPC if needed, and then we could
go into gorier details (MIDI, I/O, etc.) - except I don't have a G3.
If you would like to join the people working expressely on this version,
please subscribe to csound-unix-dev@ilogic.com.au (instructions may be
found at www.ilogic.com.au/csound).
Thank you
Nicola
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nicola Bernardini
E-mail: nicb@axnet.it
Re graphics: A picture is worth 10K words -- but only those to describe
the picture. Hardly any sets of 10K words can be adequately described
with pictures.
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Date: Mon, 14 Dec 1998 04:46:45 -0500
From: Paul Winkler
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To: Hans Mikelson
CC: Csound mailing list
Subject: Re: Pulse width modulation!
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Hans Mikelson wrote:
> I'm planning on implementing this as a vco opcode so if someone comes up
> with something better than what I have now I'll use that instead if they
> don't mind.
Well, I have not yet tried your version, so I'll leave it up to you to
decide whether my approach is better or worse! Feel free to use my code
(or anything vaguely based on it) if you like.
So, here's a version of pulse-width modulation I'm pretty happy
with. It sounds pretty nice to my ear, and it allows for much less
aliasing than my first attempt. The aliasing can be reduced as much as
you want, at the expense of some brightness. And this doesn't
require sr = kr, so it works nicely in realtime
situations.
Incidentally, this should also work as a strategy for
reduced-aliasing simulated square waves... just leave out the offset!
Thanks to the folks who chimed in... I love seeing these radically
different approaches to the same problem.
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;;copyright 1998 Paul M. Winkler, zarmzarm@erols.com
;****++++
;**** Last modified: Mon Dec 14 03:52:13 1998
;****----
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
sr = 44100
kr = 2205
ksmps = 20
nchnls = 1
instr 5
; another try by PW
; We simulate a square wave by overdriving a table index, and simulate
; pwm by varying an offset to the index.
; Aliasing is reduced by making the amount of overdrive be
; inversely proportional to pitch.
ipitch = cpspch( p4)
ianti_alias = 10 ; recommended range is 4 to about 30
isquareness = sr/(ipitch * ianti_alias)
; Infinite isquareness yields a square wave. isquareness < 1
; yields a sine.
knarrowness = gkLFO *isquareness
aindex oscil isquareness, ipitch, 1 ; sine wave index.
aindex = aindex + knarrowness
aout table aindex, 5, 1, 0 ; f5 should be straight line +- 1
aout dcblock aout
kamp adsr .01, .02, .5, .2
kamp = kamp*32000*gkamp
out aout*kamp
endin
instr 98 ; global fades
gkamp expseg 0.005, p4, 1, (p3 - (p4 * 2)), 1, p4, 0.005
; p4 is rise AND decay time
print gkamp
endin
instr 99 ; global LFO
klfo linseg p4, p3, p5 ; ramp from p4 to p5
gkLFO oscil 0.5, klfo, 1 ; use f1
gkLFO = gkLFO + 0.5 ; range from 0 to 1
endin
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; END OF ORC ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; BEGIN SCO ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
t 0 120
; LFO wave shape ... it's weighted toward the top.
; I should figure out how to make the modulation respond
; better to a linear control signal!
f1 0 512 7 1 128 .5 128 -1 128 .5 128 1
; straight line for instr 5
f5 0 512 -7 -1 512 1
; Set up LFO and fades.
i98 0 32 1
i99 0 32 .3 .6
; bass_1, track 0, now at 0
i 5 0 0.5 6.00
i 5 0.5 0.5 6.01
i 5 1 0.5 6.02
i 5 1.5 0.5 7.00
i 5 2 0.5 6.00
i 5 2.5 0.5 7.00
i 5 3 0.5 6.01
i 5 3.5 0.5 6.02
i 5 4 0.5 6.05
i 5 4.5 0.5 6.00
i 5 5 0.5 5.09
i 5 5.5 0.5 6.02
i 5 6 0.5 6.05
i 5 6.5 0.5 6.04
i 5 7 0.5 6.03
i 5 7.5 0.5 6.00
; bass_1, track 0, now at 8
i 5 8 0.5 8
i 5 8.5 0.5 8.01
i 5 9 0.5 8.02
i 5 9.5 0.5 9
i 5 10 0.5 8
i 5 10.5 0.5 9
i 5 11 0.5 8.01
i 5 11.5 0.5 8.02
i 5 12 0.5 8.05
i 5 12.5 0.5 8
i 5 13 0.5 7.09
i 5 13.5 0.5 8.02
i 5 14 0.5 8.05
i 5 14.5 0.5 8.04
i 5 15 0.5 8.03
i 5 15.5 0.5 8
; bass_1, track 0, now at 16
i 5 16 0.5 5
i 5 16.5 0.5 5.01
i 5 17 0.5 5.02
i 5 17.5 0.5 6
i 5 18 0.5 5
i 5 18.5 0.5 6
i 5 19 0.5 5.01
i 5 19.5 0.5 5.02
i 5 20 0.5 5.05
i 5 20.5 0.5 5
i 5 21 0.5 4.09
i 5 21.5 0.5 5.02
i 5 22 0.5 5.05
i 5 22.5 0.5 5.04
i 5 23 0.5 5.03
i 5 23.5 0.5 5
; bass_1, track 0, now at 24
i 5 24 0.5 11
i 5 24.5 0.5 11.01
i 5 25 0.5 11.02
i 5 25.5 0.5 12
i 5 26 0.5 11
i 5 26.5 0.5 12
i 5 27 0.5 11.01
i 5 27.5 0.5 11.02
i 5 28 0.5 11.05
i 5 28.5 0.5 11
i 5 29 0.5 10.09
i 5 29.5 0.5 11.02
i 5 30 0.5 11.05
i 5 30.5 0.5 11.04
i 5 31 0.5 11.03
i 5 31.5 0.5 11
e
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; END SCO ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; Just for the heck of it, here's the Pscore perl
script
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; that generated the score. Note that I took out
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; "use strict" from Pscore.pm to get this to work.
#!/usr/bin/perl
$orc = "/home/pw/Orcs+Scores/PW/pwm.orc";
$sco = "/home/pw/Orcs+Scores/PW/playing1.sco";
$output = "inst5_test.wav";
open(OUTFILE, ">$sco") || die "Can't open output score: $!";
select OUTFILE;
use Csound::Pscore;
# Let's make a pattern of 16th notes with these pitches.
@pch = qw(6.00 6.01 6.02 7.00
6.00 7.00 6.01 6.02
6.05 6.00 5.09 6.02
6.05 6.04 6.03 6.00
);
for ($i = 0; $i < 16; ++$i) {
@Current[$i] = [ i, 2, $i * .5, .5, $pch[$i] ];
# Can't make the list with qw() or $i doesn't get interpolated!
}
store_chunk("bass_1");
print("t 0 120\n");
comment("sine for instr 1");
# print("f1 0 16384 10 1 \n");
print("f1 0 512 7 1 128 .5 128 -1 128 .5 128 1 ");
# comment("pseudo-square wave, not normalized, for instr 2");
# print("f2 0 512 -7 20000 250 20000 0 -20000 262 -20000 \n");
# comment("triangle wave for instr 3");
# print("f3 0 512 7 0 128 1 256 -1 128 0 \n");
comment("straight line for instr 5");
print("f5 0 512 -7 -1 512 1 \n");
$start = 0;
for ($i = 5; $i <= 5; ++$i) { # cycle through some instruments.
# TEMPORARILY SET TO ONLY USE i5 !!
load_chunk( "bass_1");
pfields(1, "= $i"); # Select an instrument
$Now[$Track] = $start;
comment("Set up LFO and fades.");
$dur = 32 ;
print("i98 $start $dur 2 \n");
print("i99 $start $dur .3 .6 \n");
# Here's where stuff actually happens.
play;
pfields(4, "+=2"); # change octave
play;
pfields(4, "-=3");
play;
pfields(4, "+=6");
play;
$start = $Now[$Track]
}
# PERF TIME!
close OUTFILE;
system("csound -m 4 -W -o $output $orc $sco"); |