GENDY???

Date	1998-11-18 13:31
From	jpff@maths.bath.ac.uk
Subject	GENDY???
	Message written at 17 Nov 1998 21:44:55 +0000 I think this was misaddressed and should have bee sent to the csound list. ==John ------- Start of forwarded message ------- Date: Mon, 16 Nov 1998 15:48:43 +0000 From: Olivier Pasquet Hello, NO CSOUND (YET?): I am looking for a stochastic dynamic synthesis "thing" for mac or PC. I have tryed Grainwave. It is simply brilliant. I also have tryed to compile the Basic programme written in the Xenakis's Formalised Music book. It is plenty of mistakes and it lacks: the SUB ARCHSEQ1 sub programme... and surely others I have not found yet. Does someone know something about it? Where could I find the proper source, examples, orc and sco maybe? I thought it would have been interesting to understand quickly what Xenakis wrote. But I only have wasted my time and I really hate this. I have met a chap at the JIM98 (Journees d'Informatique Musicale) who works on stochastic dynamic synthesis. But I cannot reach him. His name is Peter Hoffman from TU Berlin (or Freie Uni). He did a kind of PhD at IRCAM last year. Olivier Pasquet. - -------------------- Olivier PASQUET -- APU -- Music Faculty OP101@mercury.anglia.ac.uk www.sinclair.anglia.ac.uk/~op101.student.cambridge.anglia - -------------------- Received: from wallace.maths.bath.ac.uk by omphalos.maths.Bath.AC.UK id aa18459; 18 Nov 98 13:40 GMT Received: from [144.173.6.14] (helo=exeter.ac.uk) by wallace.maths.bath.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 1.92 #2) for jpff@maths.bath.ac.uk id 0zg7q8-0003R3-00; Wed, 18 Nov 1998 13:40:12 +0000 Received: from noether [144.173.8.10] by hermes via SMTP (NAA10050); Wed, 18 Nov 1998 13:32:48 GMT Received: from exeter.ac.uk by maths.ex.ac.uk; Wed, 18 Nov 1998 13:32:36 GMT Received: from exim@wallace.maths.bath.ac.uk [138.38.100.104] by hermes via ESMTP (NAA06414); Wed, 18 Nov 1998 13:32:35 GMT Received: from [138.38.99.25] (helo=maths.Bath.AC.UK ident=mmdf) by wallace.maths.bath.ac.uk with smtp (Exim 1.92 #2) for csound@maths.ex.ac.uk id 0zg7il-0003QO-00; Wed, 18 Nov 1998 13:32:35 +0000 Date: Wed, 18 Nov 98 13:32:35 GMT From: jpff@maths.bath.ac.uk Subject: csound-orc.el To: csound@maths.ex.ac.uk Message-Id: Sender: owner-csound-outgoing@maths.ex.ac.uk Precedence: bulk Message written at 18 Nov 1998 12:39:44 +0000 I have updated the Emacs orchestra mode file to take account of the new opcodes etc, and fixed a couple of minor bugs. There are still some outstanding errors and infelicities which i will be looking at in teh next few days. ==John ff Received: from shaun.maths.bath.ac.uk by omphalos.maths.Bath.AC.UK id aa18465; 18 Nov 98 13:43 GMT Received: from [144.173.6.14] (helo=exeter.ac.uk) by shaun.maths.bath.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 1.92 #2) for jpff@maths.bath.ac.uk id 0zg7sp-00074O-00; Wed, 18 Nov 1998 13:42:59 +0000 Received: from noether [144.173.8.10] by hermes via SMTP (NAA09444); Wed, 18 Nov 1998 13:32:30 GMT Received: from exeter.ac.uk by maths.ex.ac.uk; Wed, 18 Nov 1998 13:32:20 GMT Received: from exim@wallace.maths.bath.ac.uk [138.38.100.104] by hermes via ESMTP (NAA13281); Wed, 18 Nov 1998 13:32:19 GMT Received: from [138.38.99.25] (helo=maths.Bath.AC.UK ident=mmdf) by wallace.maths.bath.ac.uk with smtp (Exim 1.92 #2) for csound@maths.ex.ac.uk id 0zg7iV-0003QB-00; Wed, 18 Nov 1998 13:32:19 +0000 Date: Wed, 18 Nov 98 13:32:19 GMT From: jpff@maths.bath.ac.uk Subject: Re: Version 3.491 To: csound@maths.ex.ac.uk Message-Id: Sender: owner-csound-outgoing@maths.ex.ac.uk Precedence: bulk Message written at 18 Nov 1998 11:07:11 +0000 --- Copy of mail to gelida@intercom.es --- >>>>> "J" == Josep M Comajuncosas writes: J> Im afraid I cannot understand the way your opcodes J> schedule inst, iwhen, idur, .... J> schedwhen ktrigger, kinst, kwhen, kdur, .... J> are supposed to work. J> schedule always triggers the instrument when it is called, no matter the J> iwhen parameter. Also, if I put a schedule opcode inside a timout/reinit J> statement to trigger an instrument several times strange things happen: it J> seems that from the third activated event they are not turn off after idur. J> Schedwhen seems even more strange to me, as it hangs Csound when ktrigger > J> 0 , no matter kwhen. J> Any help would be greatly welcome!! Im very excited with these new opcodes! Bugs apart, schedule adds a new score event so schedule inst, iwhen, idur, .... is like adding i instr when+p2 idur ... to the score schedwhen is sort of the same except at k-rate the value of ktrigger is tested and the first time it is zero (if ever) and event is added. I will admit that although I had tested them when i attempted to use one of these in a composition last weekend something broke, but i was so excited by the music that I did not check the program. It is on the list of things to do. wrt reinit I have not thought about that at all. I must think about it; I suspect i wrote it on the assumption that they could only kick in once. Humm... ==John ffitch Received: from wallace.maths.bath.ac.uk by omphalos.maths.Bath.AC.UK id aa19397; 18 Nov 98 20:48 GMT Received: from [144.173.6.14] (helo=exeter.ac.uk) by wallace.maths.bath.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 1.92 #2) for jpff@maths.bath.ac.uk id 0zgEWe-0003xd-00; Wed, 18 Nov 1998 20:48:33 +0000 Received: from noether [144.173.8.10] by hermes via SMTP (UAA08511); Wed, 18 Nov 1998 20:46:42 GMT Received: from exeter.ac.uk by maths.ex.ac.uk; Wed, 18 Nov 1998 20:46:30 GMT Received: from servidor.unam.mx [132.248.10.5] by hermes via ESMTP (UAA05454); Wed, 18 Nov 1998 20:46:26 GMT Received: from localhost (hpsilva@localhost) by servidor.unam.mx (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id OAA19622 for ; Wed, 18 Nov 1998 14:45:48 -0600 (CST) Date: Wed, 18 Nov 1998 14:45:47 -0600 (CST) From: "Pablo Silva-Escuela Nacional de Musica, UNAM" Reply-To: "Pablo Silva-Escuela Nacional de Musica, UNAM" To: csound@maths.ex.ac.uk Subject: (off topic) Hard drive death and other MacOS 8.1 conundrums Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Sender: owner-csound-outgoing@maths.ex.ac.uk Precedence: bulk Hello Csounders: An urgent question... After experiencing my second catastrophic hard drive crash in a month yesterday night, I was wondering whether anyone here has had any trouble like this after upgrading to System 8.1?? The ironic part of this last crash was that I lost all my data and installs 10 minutes after verifying the integrity of my drive (old HFS) with Apple's First Aid utility (8.1 too, of course...) Is there any problem with System 8.1 that people are aware of in regards to this? Something seems to be messing around seriously with the catalog and Btree files. And, does anyone here know if it is possible to install copy protection (for instance Max 3.5.8, system 8 disk) on the new HFS+ formatted drives safely?? Thanks for the feedback Pablo Silva Received: from wallace.maths.bath.ac.uk by omphalos.maths.Bath.AC.UK id aa19509; 18 Nov 98 21:46 GMT Received: from [144.173.6.14] (helo=exeter.ac.uk) by wallace.maths.bath.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 1.92 #2) for jpff@maths.bath.ac.uk id 0zgFQt-00040d-00; Wed, 18 Nov 1998 21:46:39 +0000 Received: from noether [144.173.8.10] by hermes via SMTP (VAA15288); Wed, 18 Nov 1998 21:45:20 GMT Received: from exeter.ac.uk by maths.ex.ac.uk; Wed, 18 Nov 1998 21:45:08 GMT Received: from root@www.inx.de [195.21.255.251] by hermes via SMTP (VAA21230); Wed, 18 Nov 1998 21:45:07 GMT Received: by www.inx.de (Smail3.2.0.96inx) from berlin.snafu.de (195.21.164.87) with esmtp id ; Wed, 18 Nov 1998 22:45:05 +0100 (MET) Message-ID: <36534E3B.F308D5EB@berlin.snafu.de> Date: Wed, 18 Nov 1998 22:46:20 +0000 From: Andre Bartetzki Organization: STEAM HfM Berlin X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.04 (Macintosh; I; PPC) MIME-Version: 1.0 To: csound Subject: Re: pink noise in cmask References: <36524D91.89901BD6@flash.net> <36525049.B271092C@flash.net> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-csound-outgoing@maths.ex.ac.uk Precedence: bulk pete moss wrote: > > actually i mean, will > rnd lin 1 > give me pink noise? > > pete > > pete moss wrote: > > > anyone use cmask? will using the line generator give me pink noise? > > should i use the default value of -1 or something different? any hints? > > > > thanks > > pete If you use rnd lin 1 you get more lower values (near 0.0) than higher ones (near 1.0). (lin -1 gives you the reverse result) rnd exp 1 is much better for the simulation of pink noise than lin 1. But this is not a true pink noise. That means the same energy or density is in every octave or any other interval, i.e. if you have a logarithmic scale pink noise is like a uniform distribution. Andre -- -------------------------------------------------- Andre Bartetzki http://www.kgw.tu-berlin.de/~abart Studio fuer elektroakustische Musik http://www.kgw.tu-berlin.de/~abart/Steam/steam.html Hochschule fuer Musik Berlin http://www.hfm-berlin.de Tel. +49-30-4726629 Tel. +49-30-203092488 -------------------------------------------------- Received: from wallace.maths.bath.ac.uk by omphalos.maths.Bath.AC.UK id aa19526; 18 Nov 98 21:56 GMT Received: from [144.173.6.14] (helo=exeter.ac.uk) by wallace.maths.bath.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 1.92 #2) for jpff@maths.bath.ac.uk id 0zgFa8-000415-00; Wed, 18 Nov 1998 21:56:12 +0000 Received: from noether [144.173.8.10] by hermes via SMTP (VAA19240); Wed, 18 Nov 1998 21:55:01 GMT Received: from exeter.ac.uk by maths.ex.ac.uk; Wed, 18 Nov 1998 21:54:50 GMT Received: from root@www.inx.de [195.21.255.251] by hermes via SMTP (VAA14040); Wed, 18 Nov 1998 21:54:49 GMT Received: by www.inx.de (Smail3.2.0.96inx) from berlin.snafu.de (195.21.164.87) with esmtp id ; Wed, 18 Nov 1998 22:54:47 +0100 (MET) Message-ID: <36535084.6C044EC5@berlin.snafu.de> Date: Wed, 18 Nov 1998 22:56:05 +0000 From: Andre Bartetzki Organization: STEAM HfM Berlin X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.04 (Macintosh; I; PPC) MIME-Version: 1.0 To: Csound Mailing List Subject: Re: GENDY??? References: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-csound-outgoing@maths.ex.ac.uk Precedence: bulk > From: Olivier Pasquet > > Hello, > > NO CSOUND (YET?): > I am looking for a stochastic dynamic synthesis "thing" for mac or PC. > I have tryed Grainwave. It is simply brilliant. > > I also have tryed to compile the Basic programme written in the Xenakis's > Formalised Music book. It is plenty of mistakes and it lacks: the SUB ARCHSEQ1 > sub programme... and surely others I have not found yet. > Does someone know something about it? Where could I find the proper source, > examples, orc and sco maybe? I thought it would have been interesting to > understand quickly what Xenakis wrote. But I only have wasted my time and I > really hate this. > I have met a chap at the JIM98 (Journees d'Informatique Musicale) who works on > stochastic dynamic synthesis. But I cannot reach him. His name is Peter > Hoffman from TU Berlin (or Freie Uni). He did a kind of PhD at IRCAM last > year. > > Olivier Pasquet. > As far as I know, Peter Hofmann works at the CeMaMu (Xenakis' institute in Paris). I think he has rewritten the code in C or JAVA. Stochastic dynamic synthesis opcodes in Csound would be very nice :) Andre -------------------------------------------------- Andre Bartetzki http://www.kgw.tu-berlin.de/~abart Studio fuer elektroakustische Musik http://www.kgw.tu-berlin.de/~abart/Steam/steam.html Hochschule fuer Musik Berlin http://www.hfm-berlin.de Tel. +49-30-4726629 Tel. +49-30-203092488 -------------------------------------------------- Received: from wallace.maths.bath.ac.uk by omphalos.maths.Bath.AC.UK id aa19628; 18 Nov 98 22:46 GMT Received: from [144.173.6.14] (helo=exeter.ac.uk) by wallace.maths.bath.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 1.92 #2) for jpff@maths.bath.ac.uk id 0zgGMS-00043u-00; Wed, 18 Nov 1998 22:46:08 +0000 Received: from noether [144.173.8.10] by hermes via SMTP (WAA27185); Wed, 18 Nov 1998 22:45:04 GMT Received: from exeter.ac.uk by maths.ex.ac.uk; Wed, 18 Nov 1998 22:44:52 GMT Received: from root@mail.eclipse.net [207.207.192.13] by hermes via ESMTP (WAA18878); Wed, 18 Nov 1998 22:44:51 GMT Received: from resophonic.com (cnj1-07-92.eclipse.net [207.207.244.92]) by mail.eclipse.net (8.9.1a/8.9.1) with ESMTP id RAA21410; Wed, 18 Nov 1998 17:44:49 -0500 (EST) Message-ID: <36534094.645EF831@resophonic.com> Date: Wed, 18 Nov 1998 16:48:04 -0500 From: Troy Straszheim Reply-To: troy@resophonic.com Organization: Resophonic Systems, Etc. X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.05 [en] (X11; I; Linux 2.0.34 i686) MIME-Version: 1.0 To: csound@maths.ex.ac.uk Subject: x-class noise opcodes Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-csound-outgoing@maths.ex.ac.uk Precedence: bulk aloha, all: are the "x-class noise opcodes" broken? the current build of the linux version does not recognize a1 atrirand 32000 in an .orc file. I get "no legal opcode". Many of the other x-class noise opcodes seem to be broken as well, I didn't try all of them. hmm? thanks, troy Received: from wallace.maths.bath.ac.uk by omphalos.maths.Bath.AC.UK id aa19685; 18 Nov 98 23:26 GMT Received: from [144.173.6.14] (helo=exeter.ac.uk) by wallace.maths.bath.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 1.92 #2) for jpff@maths.bath.ac.uk id 0zgGzq-00045x-00; Wed, 18 Nov 1998 23:26:50 +0000 Received: from noether [144.173.8.10] by hermes via SMTP (XAA19227); Wed, 18 Nov 1998 23:25:48 GMT Received: from exeter.ac.uk by maths.ex.ac.uk; Wed, 18 Nov 1998 23:25:41 GMT Received: from root@lix.intercom.es [194.179.21.2] by hermes via ESMTP (XAA20836); Wed, 18 Nov 1998 23:25:39 GMT Received: from intercom.es (iv1-246.intercom.es [195.76.154.246]) by lix.intercom.es (8.7.3/8.6.12) with ESMTP id AAA32155; Thu, 19 Nov 1998 00:26:27 +0100 Message-ID: <3653571B.67C1E61F@intercom.es> Date: Thu, 19 Nov 1998 00:24:11 +0100 From: Josep M Comajuncosas X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.05 [en] (Win95; I) MIME-Version: 1.0 To: Andre Bartetzki CC: Csound Mailing List Subject: Re: GENDY??? References: <36535084.6C044EC5@berlin.snafu.de> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-csound-outgoing@maths.ex.ac.uk Precedence: bulk Andre Bartetzki wrote: > As far as I know, Peter Hofmann works at the CeMaMu (Xenakis' institute in Paris). > I think he has rewritten the code in C or JAVA. > Stochastic dynamic synthesis opcodes in Csound would be very nice :) As far as I know Stochastic Dynamic Synthesis can be modelled with the existing opcodes. Not to mention that the results are not as impressing as the beautiful statistical maths behind it... I personally think that Xenaquis was more succesful applying stochastic procedures to higher level composition/orchestration than to pure sound synthesis. One cannon forget the spectra. Josep M Comajuncosas Received: from wallace.maths.bath.ac.uk by omphalos.maths.Bath.AC.UK id aa20122; 19 Nov 98 3:40 GMT Received: from [144.173.6.14] (helo=exeter.ac.uk) by wallace.maths.bath.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 1.92 #2) for jpff@maths.bath.ac.uk id 0zgKx3-0004Ki-00; Thu, 19 Nov 1998 03:40:13 +0000 Received: from noether [144.173.8.10] by hermes via SMTP (DAA22598); Thu, 19 Nov 1998 03:37:55 GMT Received: from exeter.ac.uk by maths.ex.ac.uk; Thu, 19 Nov 1998 03:37:45 GMT Received: from howl.werewolf.net [206.103.224.20] by hermes via ESMTP (DAA20173); Thu, 19 Nov 1998 03:37:44 GMT Received: from default (dial158.werewolf.net [206.103.225.168]) by howl.werewolf.net (8.9.0/8.9.0) with SMTP id VAA25356 for ; Wed, 18 Nov 1998 21:32:11 -0600 (CST) Message-ID: <000301be136e$7c700900$a8e167ce@default> From: Hans Mikelson To: Csound Subject: EQ Filters Orc/Sco Date: Wed, 18 Nov 1998 21:41:25 -0600 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.72.3110.5 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.72.3110.3 Sender: owner-csound-outgoing@maths.ex.ac.uk Precedence: bulk Hi, Here are a low shelf and a peaking EQ filter posted by Chris Townsend to the music-dsp list and a high shelf filter by me derived from the low shelf filter. The Q looks like it behaves very nicely above sqrt(.5) making a nice resonant peak. Below sqrt(.5) it gives a much shallower roll-off which may also be useful. Good Luck, Hans Mikelson ; ORCHESTRA ;---------------------------------------------------------------- ; Biquadratic Equalizer Filters ; Coded by Hans Mikelson November 1998 ;---------------------------------------------------------------- sr=44100 kr=4410 ksmps=10 nchnls=2 ;---------------------------------------------------------------- ; Low Shelf by Chris Townsend converted to Csound by Hans Mikelson ;---------------------------------------------------------------- instr 11 ifc = p4 ; Center / Shelf iq = p5 ; Quality factor sqrt(.5) is no resonance igain = p6 ; Gain/Cut in dB i2pi = 23.14159265 iomega0 = i2piifc/sr ik = tan(iomega0/2) iv = ampdb(igain) ; Convert dB to Amplitude kb0 = 1+sqrt(2iv)ik+ivikik ; Compute the coefficients kb1 = 2(ivikik-1) kb2 = 1-sqrt(2iv)ik+ivikik ka0 = 1+ik/iq+ikik ka1 = 2(ikik-1) ka2 = 1-ik/iq+ikik asig rand 5000 ; Random number source for testing aout biquad asig, kb0, kb1, kb2, ka0, ka1, ka2 ; Biquad filter outs aout, aout ; Output the results endin ;---------------------------------------------------------------- ; High Shelf by Hans Mikelson derived from low shelf by Chris Townsend ;---------------------------------------------------------------- instr 12 ifc = p4 ; Center / Shelf iq = p5 ; Quality factor sqrt(.5) is no resonance igain = p6 ; Gain/Cut in dB ipi = 3.14159265 i2pi = 2ipi iomega0 = i2piifc/sr ik = tan((ipi-iomega0)/2) iv = ampdb(igain) ; Convert dB to Amplitude kb0 = 1+sqrt(2iv)ik+ivikik ; Compute the coefficients kb1 = -2(ivikik-1) kb2 = 1-sqrt(2iv)ik+ivikik ka0 = 1+ik/iq+ikik ka1 = -2(ikik-1) ka2 = 1-ik/iq+ikik asig rand 5000 ; Random number source for testing aout biquad asig, kb0, kb1, kb2, ka0, ka1, ka2 ; Biquad filter outs aout, aout ; Output the results endin ;---------------------------------------------------------------- ; Peaking EQ by Chris Townsend converted to Csound by Hans Mikelson ;---------------------------------------------------------------- instr 13 ifc = p4 ; Center / Shelf iq = p5 ; Quality factor igain = p6 ; Gain/Cut in dB ipi = 3.14159265 i2pi = 2ipi iomega0 = i2piifc/sr ik = tan(iomega0/2) iv = ampdb(igain) ; Convert dB to Amplitude kb0 = 1+ivik/iq+ikik ; Compute the coefficients kb1 = 2(ikik-1) kb2 = 1-ivik/iq+ikik ka0 = 1+ik/iq+ikik ka1 = 2(ikik-1) ka2 = 1-ik/iq+ikik asig rand 5000 ; Random number source for testing aout biquad asig, kb0, kb1, kb2, ka0, ka1, ka2 ; Biquad filter outs aout, aout ; Output the results endin ; SCORE ; Low shelf ; Sta Dur Fcenter BandWidth(Octaves) Boost/Cut(dB) i11 0 1 1000 .707 12 i11 + . 5000 .707 12 i11 . . 1000 .707 -12 i11 . . 5000 .707 -12 ; High Shelf i12 4 1 1000 .707 12 i12 + . 5000 .707 12 i12 . . 1000 .707 -12 i12 . . 5000 .707 -12 ; EQ i13 8 1 1000 .707 12 i13 + . 5000 .707 12 i13 . . 1000 .707 -12 i13 . . 5000 .707 -12 Received: from wallace.maths.bath.ac.uk by omphalos.maths.Bath.AC.UK id aa20199; 19 Nov 98 4:33 GMT Received: from [144.173.6.14] (helo=exeter.ac.uk) by wallace.maths.bath.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 1.92 #2) for jpff@maths.bath.ac.uk id 0zgLmV-0004N2-00; Thu, 19 Nov 1998 04:33:23 +0000 Received: from noether [144.173.8.10] by hermes via SMTP (EAA12598); Thu, 19 Nov 1998 04:31:31 GMT Received: from exeter.ac.uk by maths.ex.ac.uk; Thu, 19 Nov 1998 04:31:20 GMT Received: from relay.pathfinder.com [204.71.242.18] by hermes via ESMTP (EAA19425); Thu, 19 Nov 1998 04:31:19 GMT Received: from panix.com (dan.pathfinder.com [206.27.98.18]) by pathfinder.com (private/SMI-SVR4) with ESMTP id XAA09358; Wed, 18 Nov 1998 23:30:57 -0500 (EST) X-Authentication-Warning: relay.pathfinder.com: Host dan.pathfinder.com [206.27.98.18] claimed to be panix.com Message-ID: <36539EFF.7122E6B5@panix.com> Date: Wed, 18 Nov 1998 23:31:03 -0500 From: Michael Coble Reply-To: coble@panix.com Organization: Smiling Dog Apps X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.5 (Macintosh; U; PPC) MIME-Version: 1.0 To: zarmzarm@erols.com CC: eric@iamas.ac.jp, csound@maths.ex.ac.uk Subject: Re: Perl OOP for Csound References: <199811101832.DAA32370@eric.iamas.ac.jp> <36496476.534C@erols.com> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-csound-outgoing@maths.ex.ac.uk Precedence: bulk > > This is not to say "don't use OOP", but rather to say, "think very > > carefully about if you really need it". Some of the data manipulations > > Paul mentioned might well benefit from OOP if they require maintaining > > state information. > > Such as keeping track of time? I thought I would do that with an > exported global value so the user would have free reign to fk it up > however they saw fit at any time. > Just for the record, perl5 has OO concepts, but is not like the C++ OO concepts in many respects. Take for example that ALL variables and methods in perl5 are inherently global unless you take steps to make them not global (like with "my" and "local" which go away when out of scope). There is also no support for friends of classes and protected members of classes, which are typically associated as being part of the OO framework. In perl5, the basic way to encapsulate is to make packages. All variables and methods in packages are global to the package, but you can still get at them by referencing them with their full package name. So, for instance if you have a main variable foo, and a foo variable in the package bar, you can get at both by the following: use FOO; BAR::foo = 1; foo = 1; You can encapsulate a method in a package by explicitly exporting only the methods that you want to export. Methods that are not explicitly exported are unavailable outside the package, but within the package, they are, thus concepts like friends and protected methods within a package are not supported. Anyway, OO or not, just define a variable for time in the package main, and users can "have free reign to fk it up" as much as they want:) -- Michael Coble, Time Inc. New Media, Pathfinder Music: http://pathfinder.com/pathfinder/staff/mcoble/music/ Gallery: http://www.panix.com/~coble, representing various artists Hitman: http://pathfinder.com/pathfinder/staff/mcoble/ Work: http://pathfinder.com/