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Re: Benchmarks

Date1997-04-02 14:08
FromDave Phillips
SubjectRe: Benchmarks
Somebody wrote:

:
:   What do you mean, will gcc/Linux not compile?
:

I seem to have missed this thread, but GCC 2.7.2 cleanly compiles Csound
3.45, provided the Makefiles are fixed.

== Dave Phillips

   http://www.bright.net/~dlphilp/index.html



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From: Robin Whittle 
To: csound@maths.ex.ac.uk
Date: Fri, 4 Apr 1997 03:38:05 +0000
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Subject: Re: Benchmarks
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Regarding CPUs and operating systems for Csound:

I have been using a 486 100MHz for a while now and soon hope to have 
a Pentium Pro 150 MHz, running both Linux and Win95 (and MSDOS if I 
want).

Those with $ should definitely check out Alpha motherboards, which 
can run Linux.  I suspect it is early days, but presumably they work 
and can run GCC.

A friend in the US (a compiler guru who once sold a C compiler he 
wrote to Bell Labs) has a 433 MHz Alpha from:

   http://www.dcginc.com/alpha.htm

He says, in an understated way, that it is "very fast".

This company is basically integrating DEC motherboards into complete 
systems.  You should be able to buy the motherboards themselves from 
DEC directly.  

Alpha information is available from:

  http://www.digital.com/semiconductor/dsc-21164.html

It seems there was an early Alpha chip called a 21064, but modern 
Alphas are 21164xy, where xx could be a variety of things.  The list
at the end of the above page gives details. Those with x=P are 
evidently optimised (?) for NT whereas others are for Unix.

Not on this list is the new 21164PC chip which DEC has just announced 
as a low cost NT CPU, making the chip with Mitsubishi and Samsung.

There is lots of full-on technical info, including on the 21164PC 
chip and on new DEC ATX form-factor motherboards at:

  http://ftp.digital.com/pub/Digital/info/semiconductor/literature/
           dsc-library.html#alpha

Apart from the CPU doco, files of particular interest in this 
directory are:

   164lxmpb.pdf

      A very new (27 March) motherboard for the IB, P8 and MB CPUs - 
      466, 533 and 600 MHz respectively.  Uses a new 21174 core
      logic chip.

   pc164mpb.pdf

      May be new documentation or a new version of the motherboard
      used by DCG.  It too has the 21172 core logic chip.  366 to 
      500 MHz.


The Alpha 21164PC seems to be a cheaper CPU, specially targetted to 
x86 emulation.  For the same clock speed, it seems to be slower than 
the other 21164s.  For instance:

   http://www.digital.com/semiconductor/alphapc64.htm

says that at 400 MHz it would have a SPECfp95 rating of 10.7, but 
this would be under ideal conditions.  Since DEC claims 27 for a 
600 MHz 21164, but extrapolating real benchmarks from 500 MHz gives 
24.5, then maybe 10.0 would be closer to the actual result in a 
system.  The 21164PC is not ready yet, and there are no motherboards 
for it (the package is quite different).  Clock speeds are to be 400, 
466 and 533 MHz.  They are being made for the NT market, with samples 
in June.  I would expect these chips and their systems to be 
relatively cheap compared to the other Alphas. It chews 27 watts at 
400 MHz, which is non-trivial.  At 2.5 volts, the damn thing has an 
impedance of a quarter of an ohm.
 

Some interesting floating point benchmarks are at:

  http://www.specbench.org/osg/cpu95/

In particular, check:

  http://www.specbench.org/cgi-bin/osgresults?conf=cpu95;op=form
  (Set the "Processor" option to Display, set the primary sorting key
   to "Processor" and to save space, set the display of "Company"
   to "Skip".  Set the Duplicates option to "Display only the latest
   or highest results".) 

This gives a list of benchmark results and links to details.

To transform this thing into a horse-race, do the following to make 
it sort on result, and ignore multi-CPU systems:

Make it Skip printing the #CPU, but set the #CPU equals to 1.
Then make the primary search key "Result".

Some notable results:



Estrella MT604-133  133MHz PowerPC 604            3.70

Dell XPS Model 's', 166MHz, Pentium               3.84

Dell XPS Model 's', 200MHz, Pentium               4.18

Dell XPS Model 's', 166MHz, Pentium MMX           4.30

Dell XPS Model 's', 200MHz, Pentium MMX           4.66

Alder System (150MHz) 150MHz Pentium Pro          5.42

Alder System (200MHz, 256KB L2) 200MHz PPro       6.75

PRIMERGY-560 200 MHz Pentium-Pro [512k L2 cache?] 7.16

MVME2604-2161 200 MHz PowerPC 604e                8.92

Sun Ultra 1 Creator Model 200E 200Mhz UltraSPARC 10.4

Indy-2 Impact 10000 195MHz, 1MB L2 R10000 2.4    10.6

HP 9000 Model K460EG 180 MHz PA-RISC 8000        20.2
                                               
AlphaStation 500/500  500 MHz 21164              20.4

How do these HP9000s work so fast with such a low clock speed?

The Alpha CPU is clearly a savage device.  The 600 MHz one dissipates 
45 watts, which raises some extreme cooling problems.


If someone can email me a Csound piece which cooks in a known time on 
a Pentium 166 (or similar) then I can report how it goes on the PPro 
150 under Linux - in about two weeks time.  

I would have said that MMX is of absolutely no interest to
Csounders.  It is integer operations only - and usually several
operands in parallel.  However, the benchmarks above indicate that
the chips with MMX do actually perform floating point faster - even 
though these benchmarks will not touch the MMX instructions.

Other potentially interesting sites:

List of PC motherboard manufacturers:
   http://www.randomc.com/~dperr/mb_mfgs.htm

Microway is a long established (1982) manufacturer of hot hardware 
and software:

   http://www.microway.com/mbpx.html

Explanation of how the "Unix" Alpha chips are identical to the "NT" 
ones, except that only the "Unix" chips will run DEC Unix, and that 
the "Unix" chips are more expensive.  Linux runs on either type.  
Microway provides a supported Linux for US$195. 

   http://www.microway.com/mbpx.html

Starting point at Intel to look at various Pentiums and other CPU 
types.

   http://www.intel.com/design/product.htm


Pricing details of Alpha 21164PC 533MHz version: US$495.

   http://www.digital.com/info/rcfoc/970324.htm#CPU_Update_It_is


Floating point benchmarks for Pentiums and Pentium Pros - with 
concise explanation of what the benchmarks mean.

   http://www.intel.com/procs/perf/highend/spec95.htm


Red Hat mailing list regarding Alpha Linux:

   http://www.redhat.com/support/mailing-lists/archives/axp-list/

gcc-2.7.2.1-2 GNU C Compiler in Red Hat's Alpha Linux:

  http://www.redhat.com/linux-info/pkglist/rh4.1_alpha/Development/Languges/




- Robin


. Robin Whittle                                               .
. http://www.ozemail.com.au/~firstpr   firstpr@ozemail.com.au .
. 11 Miller St. Heidelberg Heights 3081 Melbourne Australia   .
. Ph +61-3-9459-2889    Fax +61-3-9458-1736                   .
. Consumer advocacy in telecommunications, especially privacy .
.                                                             .
. First Principles      - Research and expression - music,    .
.                         music industry, telecommunications  .
.                         human factors in technology adoption.
.                                                             .
. Real World Interfaces - Hardware and software, especially   .
.                         for music                           .



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Cc: csound@maths.ex.ac.uk, leo@rwentk.demon.co.uk
From: Magnus Danielson 
Subject: Re: Benchmarks
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>>>>> "RW" == Robin Whittle  writes:

 RW> Those with $ should definitely check out Alpha motherboards, which 
 RW> can run Linux.  I suspect it is early days, but presumably they work 
 RW> and can run GCC.

Digital has even showed an 766 MHz Alpha board running Linux and had
Quake running as demo program in 1280x1024 resoltion... if someone has
a spare one of these I can give you my snail-mail address and you can
send me it :)

 RW> HP 9000 Model K460EG 180 MHz PA-RISC 8000        20.2
                                               
 RW> AlphaStation 500/500  500 MHz 21164              20.4

 RW> How do these HP9000s work so fast with such a low clock speed?

Simple, they have a more _efficient_ instruction set. Clock speed
ins't everything you know. I would assume that the CPU in question is
also superscalar too. Also, things like memory speed can really hurt
the performance. You come to a point where your CPU could be running
in hundreds of GHz but still not preform better... memory and cache
systems now has a greater impact then before, and HP is certainly
among the people that I have respect for in the sense of building
technically wise machnies. I have a bunch of CPU boards out of an HP 9000/300
which holds 68030 at 25 MHz and a 68882 and sure enougth, they had
onboard cache... these guys have done it a long time and they learned
a lot on their first RISC CPU which was a major failure at first, but
they learned from it.

Personally I don't give much notice about the MHz that an CPU holds,
it's the preformance of MY favorite applications in the total system
which counts... everything else is possibly a indicator on good or bad.

 RW> The Alpha CPU is clearly a savage device.  The 600 MHz one dissipates 
 RW> 45 watts, which raises some extreme cooling problems.

Soon we must abandon aircooled CPUs or at least find a neater way to
cool them, it is no longer sufficient to trow in an fan somewhere in
the chassi... the "PC Industry" must find a concept in which cooling
and power of the CPU and nearby cursuitry is safely solved. Not a
single machine in the PC world have impressed me, take a peak into an
HP 9000/725 workstation and think about those solutions. You only need
to remove a total of 2 screws to remove everything covering the
motherboard (and that includes the lid).

Thanks for all the pointers and info...

Cheers,
Magnus



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To: csound@maths.ex.ac.uk
From: Richard Wentk 
Subject: Re: Benchmarks
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[Much useful stuff by Robin Whittle snipped]

>I would have said that MMX is of absolutely no interest to
>Csounders.  It is integer operations only - and usually several
>operands in parallel.  However, the benchmarks above indicate that
>the chips with MMX do actually perform floating point faster - even 
>though these benchmarks will not touch the MMX instructions.

Yes indeed, having done some digging around of my own, it looks very much
like MMX is a non-issue for Csound. In practice these CPUs can perform
either floating point OR MMX instructions, and need a 50 cycle context
switch to change between one mode and the other. 'Nuff said, I think.

However - the MMX CPUs have been optimised in other ways, including
improved branch prediction, which is why they are slightly faster than the
original Pentium chips.

Also, MMX2, due out late '97 or '98 will include FP opcodes. MMX 1 includes
a DSP style MAC opcode. A floating point MAC might - if Intel do it right -
make FFTs much quicker.

In the short term, another option to look at is AMD's new K6 chip. This is
pin compatible with most existing Pentium MBs, and will be available in
200MHz, 233MHz and 266MHz versions. It should be cheaper than either the
Pentium II or the existing Pentium Pros. (Except for the 150MHz, which
Intel are keen to dump now as it hasn't been a big seller for them.)

Although the K6 FPU isn't as speedy as that of the Pentiums, it's easy to
overclock this chip, and so it should be possible to get the 266MHz version
to run just short of 300Mhz. At that speed it should outrun a PPro 200
without breaking into a sweat. And for those that care about these things,
it also includes MMX. Apart from the weaker floating point performance,
it's a very fast chip indeed and is beginning to scare Intel very seriously.

A summary:

Pentium II - is a less than elegant piece of design. Its heatsink is so
heavy it has been known to fall out of its socket, and even then it runs
too hot to touch. It needs a whole new kind of motherboard because it uses
a slot instead of a ZIF socket. The performance doesn't seem to be anything
special, because the L2 cache is no longer on-chip. It does MMX. New
motherboards are likely to use non-SIMM RAM, which could be a big problem
for anyone who has invested in SIMMs. And it's going to be expensive too. 

Pentium Pro - likely to be sold off cheap later in the year, because Intel
want to kill off this chip. It's too expensive to make and it's not earning
them enough money. If you don't care about MMX, there will probably be some
bargains later in the year. My guess is PPro 200s will be down to the price
of the 150 by Q3 this year.

AMD K6 - well worth watching, especially when AMD settle their prices. The
overclocked 266MHz version could be quite something.

On that basis I've decided to wait till the Summer to see what develops.
Personally I'd be wary of investing in a PPro 150 right now, even given the
reasonable price, as I suspect there will be some better options available
within a few months. 

For a non-Intel perspective it's well worth looking at:

http://sysdoc.pair.com

which contains a lot of information about Intel systems and system
components, compiled by an independent outsider. 

R.



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Robin Whittle wrote:
 
> Regarding CPUs and operating systems for Csound:

  [snip]  

> Since DEC claims 27 [SPECfp95] for a 600 MHz 21164, but extrapolating > real benchmarks from 500 MHz gives 24.5...

  [snip]

Please keep in mind that the high fp score came from Digital's
Alphastation 500/500 which starts at $26,000 for a base system. The
clone makers charge about $3,500 for their base systems.  Concerning
this matter, here's a recent posting from the axp/Linux list:


>>Why are all Alpha clone makers advertising with misleading benchmarks? 
>>For example, they say their 500 MHz systems have SPECfp95 of 20.4. >>That is not true. They must be aware of the fact that this score came >>from DEC's Alphastation with a different motherboard and 8 Mb of L3   >>s-cache! It's base price is $26,000.

>>When I inquired about the discrepancy, almost everyone answered that
>>these are the scores which were provided by Digital.  Not true,       >>again, Digital Semiconductor said the PC164/500MHz board/cpu         >>configuration is capable of 13.7 SPECfp95 at the most. They also      >>deny having provided clone makers with these benchmarks as relating   >>to the PC164 motherboard.


Perhaps the difference in performance between Digital's systems and the
clones using the same CPU will diminish when better motherboards are
introduced.

GB



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Date: Thu, 3 Apr 1997 21:53:07 -0500
To: csound@maths.ex.ac.uk
From: tolve 
Subject: SOUNDCULTURE (fwd)
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don't have a clue. just passing along. would be interested in feedback if
anyone participates.   -tolve

>Date: Thu, 03 Apr 1997 12:56:31 -0500 (EST)
>From: eve jochnowitz 
>Subject: SOUNDCULTURE (fwd)
>Sender: owner-perform-l@lists.nyu.edu
>To: perform-l@acf3.nyu.edu
>Reply-to: perform-l@lists.nyu.edu
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>
>From: krshnbtt 
>
>SOUNDCULTURE '98 AOTEAROA / NEW ZEALAND   *  CALL FOR PROPOSALS
>
>
>tangi te ha - create the sound           rongo hia te ha - sense the sound
>
>
>Auckland is a bicultural city that includes the largest Maori/Polynesian
>population in the world. It has a unique geography, being situated on an
>isthmus between two harbours and featuring some 14 volcanoes. Auckland is a
>city rich with sites for sound works.
>
>The fourth Pacific festival of contemporary sound practices will be hosted
>in Auckland, New Zealand, from November 20 - December 6, 1998. SoundCulture
>'98 Aotearoa/New Zealand will encompass and showcase the most recent
>innovations in sound practices within New Zealand and throughout the
>Pacific region.
>
>Supported by Creative New Zealand, the festival is organised by an
>independent group of individuals directly involved in contemporary sound
>arts and by a network of contemporary art galleries in Auckland. Artspace,
>Auckland will act as the administrative base and resource centre.
>
>Proposals and expressions of interest are sought from practitioners and
>researchers in sound, and from any artist for whom this festival might
>provide an opportunity to develop and highlight elements of sound in their
>practice.
>
>While there are existing forums for traditional areas of sound practice,
>such as compositional music, dance music and culturally dance music and
>culturally diverse traditional forms, SoundCulture 98, as a festival, will
>differentiate itself from these. It will show entirely new approaches to
>the use of sound and carve out new territory in artistic practice. It will
>extend the tradition of radical sound practice in sculpture, performance,
>installation and moving image.
>
>Previous SoundCulture host countries have concentrated their activity on
>the Pacific Rim countries of the US, Canada, Australia, Japan and New
>Zealand. The New Zealand SoundCulture festival will bring together a
>vibrant diversity of sound practitioners from within the Pacific region as
>well as from other as from other countries around the Rim, with the aim of
>fostering cross-cultural communication.
>
>SoundCulture '98 will focus on progressive and innovative sound practice in
>and between many disciplines, including:
>
>* sound performance art
>* sound sculpture
>* innovative uses of public communications systems
>* site-specific public artworks, events or spectacles
>* curated historical exhibitions and performances of sound art
>* symposia
>* new media arts and technologies
>* innovative uses of public communications systems
>* site-specific public artworks, events or spectacles
>* curated historical exhibitions and performances of sound art
>* and forms yet to be discovered!
>
>Please include an outline of your project on one page only; your budget;
>support material, including images, video and audio tapes as appropriate;
>CV. More than one proposal can be sent per application. If doing so, please
>outline them on separate sheets.
>
>The final programme, decided by a curatorial committee, will comprise work
>from invited artists and a selection of work from the proposals. Priority
>will be given to those proposals that address innovation in contemporary
>sound practice.
>Provision for artists' fees and travel is limited. Applicants should seek
>their own funding to ensure their participation.
>
>The festival will explore what sound means in our culture today, opening
>the notion of SoundCulture to innovative forms that examine the interface
>between art practice, society and cultures. Sound is the common ground and
>the vehicle to this end.
>
>
>Closing date for proposals: by the last week in May 1997
>Proposals should be forwarded to:
>
>SoundCulture Aotearoa/New Zealand
>Artspace
>300 Karangahape Road, PO Box 68 418
>Auckland, New Zealand
>phone: 0064 9 3034965
>fax: 0064 9 366 1842
>email: artspace@iconz.co.nz
>
>For further enquiries, you can contact Robert Leonard at Artspace, or
>Richard Dale on 09 376 1079.
>
>Artspace
>Robert Leonard director; Honor Harger; Constance McArdle
>street address: 300 K Road, Newton, Auckland, New Zealand
>postal address: PO Box 68 418, Newton, Auckland, New Zealand
>phone: (64-9) 3034965   fax: (64-9) 3661842
>email: artspace@iconz.co.nz
>web site: http://mat.sapp.auckland.ac.nz/artspace/
>





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Date: Fri, 04 Apr 1997 11:29:27 +0100
From: Gabriel Maldonado 
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Subject: Realtime MIDI Csound: New midi OUT opcodes
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Dear Csounders,

I'm glad to announce I'm implementing MIDI OUT opcodes in csound. These
opcodes will allow Csound users to control external MIDI synthesizers.
These opcodes can take control of continuous midi parameters (such as
modulation wheel, breath control, pitch bend etc.) as well as init time
parameters (i.e. note on and note off) and support all 16 midi channels.
So the user can compose algorythmically (with a Csound based philosophy)
even with commercial MIDI devices and reuse his favourite MIDI synth
sound libraries. I'm imlementing these opcodes in new relase (2.0) of my
Win95 version, but the sources will be public domain. 

I run into some timing problem. My prototype version is now almost
complete and functional, and  allows MIDI OUT and normal DAC operations
in parallel. Unfortunately the realtime timing implemented in Csound is
completely managed by DAC sample flow. So DAC operations are well
temporized, but, because of the buffer oriented performance of Csound,
it is not possible to know apriori the DAC buffer status (i.e. if the
buffer is empty or full at a certain time). So MIDI OUT operations
present some time irregularities. These irregularities could be fully
eliminated if DAC operations will be eliminated too, i.e. recompiling a
MIDI OUT only version of Csound (without all audio rate UGs). Such
version will be hugely less processor consuming than the standard one.
So this version could be run in parallel with another instance of
standard Csound in multitasking (if the user needs both types of
operations at the same time). 


I'd like to know your opinion about this: 
do you think it is better to imeplement only one executable with both
DAC and MIDI OUT features (with some time irregularities in MIDI OUT
operations) or making an additional executable which can only manage
MIDI OUT realtime operation with precise timing? I can add these new
opcodes to both versions so, if a user doesn't need a very accurate midi
OUT timing, can use the standard version only, or, if more precise
timing is needed, he can use both versions in parallel.
I wait for your feedback.

good Csounding

-- 
Gabriel Maldonado

mailto:g.maldonado@agora.stm.it
http://www.agora.stm.it/G.Maldonado/home2.htm



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Date: Fri, 04 Apr 1997 11:27:57 +0100
From: Gabriel Maldonado 
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Subject: Re: Benchmarks
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Dear Csounders,
does anyone know where can I get Specfp95 benchmark program for testing
my machine's speed performance? Is it freely avalaible?

-- 
Gabriel Maldonado

mailto:g.maldonado@agora.stm.it
http://www.agora.stm.it/G.Maldonado/home2.htm



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To: Gabriel Maldonado 
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Subject: Re: Benchmarks
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Gabriel Maldonado wrote:
> 
> Dear Csounders, does anyone know where can I get Specfp95 benchmark > > program for testing my machine's speed performance? Is it freely > avalaible?

  Try http://www.specbench.org  


GB