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csound on DEC alpha?

Date1997-11-01 16:26
FromKhalid
Subjectcsound on DEC alpha?
Does anybody have experience in using csound on DECs
alpha architecture? Since their CPUs and motherboards
are constantly becoming cheaper, I think it could pay
to port csound to NT or Linux alpha versions. In the
benchmark list on the csound ftp server there is an
alpha mentioned there, but it is an older model.
	B.t.w. - digital has released a version of their
21164 CPU called 21164PC. It's slower than the 21164,
but it should still be 2x faster than a PPro regarding
floating point performance (at least).

	anyone know something? anyone interested?

		-khalid



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Date: Sat, 01 Nov 1997 20:23:46 +0000
From: jbv 
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To: csound@maths.ex.ac.uk
Subject: Re: where is Sharc?
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Did anyone on this list already ordered that thing ?

jbv


stuartf wrote:
> 
> Here is what looks like the official product
> information
> 
> http://www.emf.org/cals_analogdevices0897.html
> 
> Gregory A. McCourt wrote:
> 
> > At 02:46 10/24/97, you wrote:
> > >
> > >>Analog Devies is offering an evaluation board for $170 which is pretty
> > >>cheap compared to Modular ($1900), quite tempting.
> > >
> > >Hi,
> > >
> > >I thought the package was more like $1000 [...]
> >
> > It is.  AD may have other development boards (SHARC-LITE perhaps?) That are
> > around the $170 figure, but this is not the Extended Csound board.
> >
> > >Bye,
> > >Hans Mikelson
> >
> > Sama-sama,
> > Gregory A. McCourt



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Date: Sat, 1 Nov 1997 15:27:59 -0500 (EST)
From: Gregory Boduch 
Reply-To: Gregory Boduch 
To: Khalid 
Cc: csound@maths.ex.ac.uk
Subject: Re: csound on DEC alpha?
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DEC Alpha is a good alternative platform for Csound, RTcmix, CLM and
various X11-based sound apps, especially as compared to the overpriced
SGIs and underpowered Intels. Consider this:

                                             *****
             SGI O2: 180MHz R5000PC 64MB ==>  4.55 SPECfp95 ==>  ca.$4000
 Average Pentium II: 300MHz PII     64MB ==>  6.70 SPECfp95 ==>  ca.$3500  
Average Alpha Clone: 500MHz 21164a  64MB ==> 13.40 SPECfp95 ==>  ca.$3000
                                             *****

For some oscilator benchmarks, see:

	http://www.panix.com/~topper/Cmix/benchmarks.html


GB





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Date: Sat, 1 Nov 1997 15:21:55 -0800 (PST)
From: Richard Karpen 
To: Gregory Boduch 
Cc: Khalid , csound@maths.ex.ac.uk
Subject: Re: csound on DEC alpha?
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Seems interesting. What about support for sound? Boards? Number of
channels? Digital input/output? 

On Sat, 1 Nov 1997, Gregory Boduch wrote:

> 
> DEC Alpha is a good alternative platform for Csound, RTcmix, CLM and
> various X11-based sound apps, especially as compared to the overpriced
> SGIs and underpowered Intels. Consider this:
> 
>                                              *****
>              SGI O2: 180MHz R5000PC 64MB ==>  4.55 SPECfp95 ==>  ca.$4000
>  Average Pentium II: 300MHz PII     64MB ==>  6.70 SPECfp95 ==>  ca.$3500  
> Average Alpha Clone: 500MHz 21164a  64MB ==> 13.40 SPECfp95 ==>  ca.$3000
>                                              *****
> 
> For some oscilator benchmarks, see:
> 
> 	http://www.panix.com/~topper/Cmix/benchmarks.html
> 
> 
> GB
> 
> 
> 
> 




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Date: Sat, 01 Nov 1997 20:23:46 +0000
From: jbv 
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To: csound@maths.ex.ac.uk
Subject: Re: where is Sharc?
References: <17C12E3881@yogya.wasantara.net.id> <345A6E88.91A5B898@dimensional.com>
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Did anyone on this list already ordered that thing ?

jbv


stuartf wrote:
> 
> Here is what looks like the official product
> information
> 
> http://www.emf.org/cals_analogdevices0897.html
> 
> Gregory A. McCourt wrote:
> 
> > At 02:46 10/24/97, you wrote:
> > >
> > >>Analog Devies is offering an evaluation board for $170 which is pretty
> > >>cheap compared to Modular ($1900), quite tempting.
> > >
> > >Hi,
> > >
> > >I thought the package was more like $1000 [...]
> >
> > It is.  AD may have other development boards (SHARC-LITE perhaps?) That are
> > around the $170 figure, but this is not the Extended Csound board.
> >
> > >Bye,
> > >Hans Mikelson
> >
> > Sama-sama,
> > Gregory A. McCourt



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Date: Sat, 1 Nov 1997 15:27:59 -0500 (EST)
From: Gregory Boduch 
Reply-To: Gregory Boduch 
To: Khalid 
Cc: csound@maths.ex.ac.uk
Subject: Re: csound on DEC alpha?
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DEC Alpha is a good alternative platform for Csound, RTcmix, CLM and
various X11-based sound apps, especially as compared to the overpriced
SGIs and underpowered Intels. Consider this:

                                             *****
             SGI O2: 180MHz R5000PC 64MB ==>  4.55 SPECfp95 ==>  ca.$4000
 Average Pentium II: 300MHz PII     64MB ==>  6.70 SPECfp95 ==>  ca.$3500  
Average Alpha Clone: 500MHz 21164a  64MB ==> 13.40 SPECfp95 ==>  ca.$3000
                                             *****

For some oscilator benchmarks, see:

	http://www.panix.com/~topper/Cmix/benchmarks.html


GB





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Date: Sat, 1 Nov 1997 15:21:55 -0800 (PST)
From: Richard Karpen 
To: Gregory Boduch 
Cc: Khalid , csound@maths.ex.ac.uk
Subject: Re: csound on DEC alpha?
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Seems interesting. What about support for sound? Boards? Number of
channels? Digital input/output? 

On Sat, 1 Nov 1997, Gregory Boduch wrote:

> 
> DEC Alpha is a good alternative platform for Csound, RTcmix, CLM and
> various X11-based sound apps, especially as compared to the overpriced
> SGIs and underpowered Intels. Consider this:
> 
>                                              *****
>              SGI O2: 180MHz R5000PC 64MB ==>  4.55 SPECfp95 ==>  ca.$4000
>  Average Pentium II: 300MHz PII     64MB ==>  6.70 SPECfp95 ==>  ca.$3500  
> Average Alpha Clone: 500MHz 21164a  64MB ==> 13.40 SPECfp95 ==>  ca.$3000
>                                              *****
> 
> For some oscilator benchmarks, see:
> 
> 	http://www.panix.com/~topper/Cmix/benchmarks.html
> 
> 
> GB
> 
> 
> 
> 




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Date: Sat, 01 Nov 1997 10:26:14 +0100
From: Gabriel Maldonado 
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bruce quaglia wrote:

> I'm wondering if someone could point me to any
> example instruments that use either lpread/reson
> or lpread/freson? Also, if there is any additional
> documentation on these beyond the csound.hlp file
> I'd like to know where to find that too.

I tried to use the implemented lpread-lpreson pair but the audio quality
is very bad also when using a high sampling rate. Actually it is not
usable for music. At the end of 80s I used an MS-DOS real mode version
of csound adapted by MTU which was able to give a very good synthesis at
low sr too. I'm asking why.

Here is a simple orc/sco example:

;****** lp.orc

        sr = 20000
        kr = 2000
 ksmps = 10

 instr 1
ktime line 0, p3, p3
krmsr,krmso,kerr,kcps   lpread  ktime, p4
avoice buzz krmso, kcps, int(sr/880), 1
aunvoc rand krmso
asig = (kerr < .3 ? avoice : aunvoc)
aout lpreson asig
        out     aout*.35
        endin
;-------------------------------

;*********** lp.sco

f1 0 8193 10 1
i1 0 1 1
i1 + . 2
i1 + . 3
e

;-------------------------

p4 chooses the analisis file number. The analisis files must be named
lp.
for example
lp.1
lp.2
lp.3
etc.
--
Gabriel Maldonado

mailto:g.maldonado@agora.stm.it
http://www.agora.stm.it/G.Maldonado/home2.htm
http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Way/7041/home2.htm




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From: Gabriel Maldonado 
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    Csound Mailing List 
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I think the cheapest way is to buy two Soundblasters or compatibles (at
least with PC hardware, each one of these card costs about 50 US dollars
or less). The problem is the software which allow using a pair of stereo
cards in parallel.
Does anyone know what are audio file formats supporting quadraphony
(perhaps aiff)?

Does anyone know what are the platforms in which realtime Csound quad
in-out is implemented at present time ?

--
Gabriel Maldonado

mailto:g.maldonado@agora.stm.it
http://www.agora.stm.it/G.Maldonado/home2.htm
http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Way/7041/home2.htm


Hans Mikelson wrote:

> Hello,
>
> What is the cheapest way to get quad audio?  I've seen some Technics
> recievers which are rated as "Dolby Digital Ready" which seems to mean
> they
> take 6 channels in and put out 6 channels.  They actually require a
> separate decoder to decode Dolby Digital but I think they would be
> able to
> take any other multi-channel source like from a computer board capable
> of
> putting out 4 or more channels.  Also if you buy one with a built in
> decoder (ie. Pioneer) I suspect it can't handle multichannel input
> from a
> standard source and it's more expensive too.
>
> The other alternative I would have is to use my 4-track recorder but
> it
> only records 2 tracks at one time although it can play out 4 tracks at
>
> once.  I could record the first two tracks, then rewind and record the
> next
> two tracks and then play them all back at once.  Which wouldn't be
> good
> enough to catch phase relationships but might be ok for some panning
> stuff.
>
> Bye,
> Hans Mikelson



Date1997-11-01 20:27
FromGregory Boduch
SubjectRe: csound on DEC alpha?
DEC Alpha is a good alternative platform for Csound, RTcmix, CLM and
various X11-based sound apps, especially as compared to the overpriced
SGIs and underpowered Intels. Consider this:

                                             *****
             SGI O2: 180MHz R5000PC 64MB ==>  4.55 SPECfp95 ==>  ca.$4000
 Average Pentium II: 300MHz PII     64MB ==>  6.70 SPECfp95 ==>  ca.$3500  
Average Alpha Clone: 500MHz 21164a  64MB ==> 13.40 SPECfp95 ==>  ca.$3000
                                             *****

For some oscilator benchmarks, see:

	http://www.panix.com/~topper/Cmix/benchmarks.html


GB


Date1997-11-01 23:21
FromRichard Karpen
SubjectRe: csound on DEC alpha?
Seems interesting. What about support for sound? Boards? Number of
channels? Digital input/output? 

On Sat, 1 Nov 1997, Gregory Boduch wrote:

> 
> DEC Alpha is a good alternative platform for Csound, RTcmix, CLM and
> various X11-based sound apps, especially as compared to the overpriced
> SGIs and underpowered Intels. Consider this:
> 
>                                              *****
>              SGI O2: 180MHz R5000PC 64MB ==>  4.55 SPECfp95 ==>  ca.$4000
>  Average Pentium II: 300MHz PII     64MB ==>  6.70 SPECfp95 ==>  ca.$3500  
> Average Alpha Clone: 500MHz 21164a  64MB ==> 13.40 SPECfp95 ==>  ca.$3000
>                                              *****
> 
> For some oscilator benchmarks, see:
> 
> 	http://www.panix.com/~topper/Cmix/benchmarks.html
> 
> 
> GB
> 
> 
> 
> 

Date1997-11-03 03:06
FromGregory Boduch
SubjectRe: csound on DEC alpha?
4front makes a sound driver for nearly all BSD/SVR4 UNIX based OSs such as
Linux/Alpha. See   http://www.4front-tech.com   . When I last checked, the
best boards supported (or w/ support planned) under Linux/Alpha were
Zefiro Acoustics ZA2 (2 RCA, S/PDIF, AES/EBU), SONORUS (4 ch digital I/O),
and 'SB 64 AWE GOLD' (S/PDIF).

GB


On Sat, 1 Nov 1997, Richard Karpen wrote:

> 
> Seems interesting. What about support for sound? Boards? Number of
> channels? Digital input/output? 
> 
> On Sat, 1 Nov 1997, Gregory Boduch wrote:
> 
> > 
> > DEC Alpha is a good alternative platform for Csound, RTcmix, CLM and
> > various X11-based sound apps, especially as compared to the overpriced
> > SGIs and underpowered Intels. Consider this:
> > 
> >                                              *****
> >              SGI O2: 180MHz R5000PC 64MB ==>  4.55 SPECfp95 ==>  ca.$4000
> >  Average Pentium II: 300MHz PII     64MB ==>  6.70 SPECfp95 ==>  ca.$3500  
> > Average Alpha Clone: 500MHz 21164a  64MB ==> 13.40 SPECfp95 ==>  ca.$3000
> >                                              *****
> > 
> > For some oscilator benchmarks, see:
> > 
> > 	http://www.panix.com/~topper/Cmix/benchmarks.html
> > 
> > 
> > GB
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > 
> 
> 
> 

Date1997-11-04 15:26
FromRobin Whittle
SubjectRe: csound on DEC alpha?
Information on Linux for Alpha, suppliers of motherboards and 
systems, prices etc can be found at:

   http://www.hensa.ac.uk/cgi-bin/cftp/ftp.debian.org/Linux/ALPHA/alpha/azstarnet/docs/FAQ.txt

I don't have an Alpha myself.  

- Robin

| Robin Whittle         Consumer advocacy in telecommunications, |
|                       especially privacy.                      |
|                                                                |
| First Principles      Research and expression - music, tele-   |
|                       communications, Internet music marketing,|
|                       human factors in technology adoption.    |
|                       Consulting and technical writing.        |
|                                                                |
| Real World Interfaces Electronics and software for music.      |
|                                                                |
|   rw@firstpr.com.au   http://www.firstpr.com.au                |
|                                                                |
|   11 Miller St. Heidelberg Heights 3081 Melbourne Australia    |
|   Ph +61 3 9459 2889  Fax +61 3 9458 1736                      |



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Date: Tue, 4 Nov 1997 14:45:06 -0800 (PST)
From: Richard Karpen 
To: pete moss 
Cc: csound 
Subject: Re: stereo by dodge
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I use the sqrt version almost always.

Richard Karpen


On Tue, 4 Nov 1997, pete moss wrote:

> hello all,
> here is a question about making a stereo signal in an orc.
> most of you seem to like doing something like this:
> 
> outs  asig*ix, asig*(1-ix)    ; if ix = 1 then left channel only, if ix
> = 0 then right
> 
> on p318 of dodge v2, he recommends doing a similar operation
> 
> outs asig*sqrt(ix), asig*sqrt(1-ix)
> 
> is one better than the other?  if ix = .5, then the signal will be
> between channels.  in the first case, the signal will be at half
> intensity, in the second, the signal will be multiplied by .707, which
> is greater than .5.  who has the better method, dodge or the rest of
> you?  i have been using the former method myself, but maybe dodge is
> better?
> 
> thanks
> pete
> 
> 
> 




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Date: Tue, 04 Nov 1997 15:51:01 -0500
From: Christopher Neese 
Subject: RE: More than two channels
To: "csound@maths.exeter.ac.uk" 
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The Windows 95 API absolutely supports multipleo 

-----Original Message-----
From:	Khalid [SMTP:khalid.dermoumi@uni-essen.de]
Sent:	Tuesday, November 04, 1997 3:14 PM
To:	csound@maths.exeter.ac.uk
Subject:	Re: More than two channels

> Joel Stern wrote:

well, well, well...
	of course you may install several soundcards
under Windows. The problem I see is that Windows (95)
only seems to know 1 input and output at a time. So you
may use one card's input and another one's output at
a time, but never two cards inputs(or out). However,
ActiveSound may work differently. Anyway, there might
be some clever software that manages this somehow. I
would definitely like to know ...




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Date: Tue, 4 Nov 1997 22:52:39 -0500
From: Joel Stern <103675.1167@compuserve.com>
Subject: RE: More than two channels
To: Csound List 
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Message text written by Christopher Neese
>> Joel Stern wrote:

>well, well, well...
>of course you may install several soundcards
>under Windows. The problem I see is that Windows (95)
>only seems to know 1 input and output at a time. So you
>may use one card's input and another one's output at
>a time, but never two cards inputs(or out). However,
>ActiveSound may work differently. Anyway, there might
>be some clever software that manages this somehow. I
>would definitely like to know ...

Just to set the record straight, I did not write the words following my
name above. The author of the message neglected to include any quote from
my original message. :-|

Joel Stern
103675.1167@compuserve.com



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Date: Tue, 28 Oct 1997 15:54:28
To: csound@maths.ex.ac.uk
From: Hans Mikelson 
Subject: Nested All-Pass Filters
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Hello,

Does anyone know of a good Csound implementation of nested all-pass filters
like those mentioned in some of the papers by William Gardner:

http://sound.media.mit.edu/papers.html

These are used in making reverbs and are usually drawn somewhat like the
following ASCII drawing:

     _______________
    |  50 (.4)      |
    |   _________   |
    |  | 20 (.6) |  |
 ->------------------->

Where 50 is the delay time in msec. of the outer allpass, .4 is the gain of
the outer all-pass, 20 is the delay time in msec. of the inner allpass, and
.6 is the gain of the inner allpass.  Using delayr & delayw seems to get
pretty messy.

Thanks for any help,
Hans Mikelson




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pete moss wrote:

> hello all,
> here is a question about making a stereo signal in an orc.
> most of you seem to like doing something like this:
>
> outs  asig*ix, asig*(1-ix)    ; if ix = 1 then left channel only, if ix
> = 0 then right
>
> on p318 of dodge v2, he recommends doing a similar operation
>
> outs asig*sqrt(ix), asig*sqrt(1-ix)
>
> is one better than the other?  if ix = .5, then the signal will be
> between channels.  in the first case, the signal will be at half
> intensity, in the second, the signal will be multiplied by .707, which
> is greater than .5.  who has the better method, dodge or the rest of
> you?  i have been using the former method myself, but maybe dodge is
> better?

Definitely use the dodge example otherwise you'll get what's known as "The
hole in the middle"  effect when you pan your sound across the stereo
field.  You don't want your sound to seem like it's far away as you
approach the center (unless for some reason you want that).   I think that
many hardware mixers do this sqrt type of panning automatically...

If speed is an issue, you might pre-calculate a function table curve to
index the same panning effect.   Read about this in Richard Moore's book
(Elements of Computer Music).

john





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To: csound@maths.ex.ac.uk
From: Arne Hanna 
Subject: Re: stereo by dodge
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An example using stored table values.  The sqrt thing is supposed to sound
smoother I think.

; check to see if pan is out of our range
ipanfac =               (p6 > 1 ? 1 : p6)
ipanfac =               (p6 < 0 ? 0 : ipanfac)
; map linear pan factor to more natural sqrt function
ilpan   tablei  ipanfac,10,1
irpan   tablei  ipanfac,11,1

outs X*ilpan, X*irpan
endin

And in the score:

f10             0               129             9       .25     1       90
f11             0               129             9       .25     1       00

Cheers
Arne(not to scale)



"You people have been throwing shit at me for years.  Now it's starting to
fertilize!"
                             Edgar Varese

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

        http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Peaks/3346

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

Disclaimer: The views expressed in these messages are not necessarily those
of Management.





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Date: Tue, 4 Nov 1997 17:45:25 -0700 (MST)
From: Mark T Vigorito 
To: John Boyd 
Cc: csound 
Subject: Re: stereo by dodge
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On Tue, 4 Nov 1997, John Boyd wrote:

> 
> Definitely use the dodge example otherwise you'll get what's known as "The
> hole in the middle"  effect when you pan your sound across the stereo
> field.  You don't want your sound to seem like it's far away as you
> approach the center (unless for some reason you want that).   I think that
> many hardware mixers do this sqrt type of panning automatically...
> 

Yep... this is known as 'constant power' panning to hardware types.
                                                            
 ----------------------
 Mark T Vigorito
 mtv@U.Arizona.EDU
 http://u.arizona.edu/~mtv




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> Joel Stern wrote:

well, well, well...
	of course you may install several soundcards
under Windows. The problem I see is that Windows (95)
only seems to know 1 input and output at a time. So you
may use one card's input and another one's output at
a time, but never two cards inputs(or out). However,
ActiveSound may work differently. Anyway, there might
be some clever software that manages this somehow. I
would definitely like to know ...



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From: pete moss 
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hello all,
here is a question about making a stereo signal in an orc.
most of you seem to like doing something like this:

outs  asig*ix, asig*(1-ix)    ; if ix = 1 then left channel only, if ix
= 0 then right

on p318 of dodge v2, he recommends doing a similar operation

outs asig*sqrt(ix), asig*sqrt(1-ix)

is one better than the other?  if ix = .5, then the signal will be
between channels.  in the first case, the signal will be at half
intensity, in the second, the signal will be multiplied by .707, which
is greater than .5.  who has the better method, dodge or the rest of
you?  i have been using the former method myself, but maybe dodge is
better?

thanks
pete




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Subject: information wanted on all CSound software for article
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owner-csound-outgoing wrote
>From owner-csound-outgoing Wed Nov  5 02:13:19 1997
From: owner-csound-outgoing
Date: Wed, 5 Nov 97 02:13:19 GMT
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Subject: BOUNCE Csound: Non-member submission from [dhmiller@mediaone.net]

>From dhmiller@mediaone.net Wed Nov  5 02:13:10 1997 remote from 
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For an article I am writing for Electronic Musician, I would like to
hear about any and all Csound "utilities," including shells, front-ends,
score/orc generators, launchers, what have you. Any platform is
acceptable, and if possible, I would like to know specific URLs and/or
authors' emails.
Thanks very much for your help.
best,
Dennis


-- 
James Andrews, maths CDO, ext.3977



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From: james@maths.ex.ac.uk
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Subject: $170 SHARC's from Analog?
To: csound@maths.ex.ac.uk
Date: Wed, 5 Nov 1997 12:54:48 +0000 (GMT)
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owner-csound-outgoing wrote
>From owner-csound-outgoing Mon Nov  3 21:43:11 1997
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Date: Mon, 3 Nov 97 21:43:11 GMT
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Subject: BOUNCE Csound: Non-member submission from [Art Hunkins ]

>From abhunkin@hamlet.uncg.edu Mon Nov  3 21:43:01 1997 remote from 
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From: Art Hunkins 
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Subject: $170 SHARC's from Analog?
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I didn't see my last post to the list, a reply to the post regarding
"$170 SHARC's"; so here goes again.

Who knows anything about the "$170 SHARC" board from Analog Devices?
Below is the communication I received regarding the $1000 hand-wired
prototype cards being offered by Analog; this is the only offering I
know of. Have I missed out on something? (I presume this was only
hearsay/rumor.)

Art Hunkins
UNCG Electronic Music Studios

Hi Art,
The Extended Csound Software Developer's Kit is now available.  Included
in the kit:
- 6-channel PCI board
- Extended Csound software and front-ends
- manual, documentation and tutorials
You must have a machine running Windows95 with PCI bus.

To order, please prepare the following:
- check payable to Analog Devices, for US$1000 plus $50 shipping and
handling
- print and complete the attached license agreement
- mailing address where the kit should be shipped

We can assume check clearance if provided credit card information.

and send to:

Analog Devices, Inc.
John Hudson, SST
3 Technology Way
Norwood, MA 02062
USA

If you have any questions, please contact:
Software and Systems Technology Division
Tel: (781) 461-3732
Fax: (781) 461-4291
Email: Systems.Solutions@analog.com

Thanks,
Scotty Vercoe
 
_____________________________________________
Scotty Vercoe
Extended Csound Project Manager
Analog Devices Software & Systems Technology Division
Tel: (781) 461 - 3569      FAX: (781) 461 - 4291


-- 
James Andrews, maths CDO, ext.3977



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Subject: Re: stereo by dodge
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owner-csound-outgoing wrote
>From owner-csound-outgoing Tue Nov  4 20:54:15 1997
From: owner-csound-outgoing
Date: Tue, 4 Nov 97 20:54:15 GMT
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Subject: BOUNCE Csound: Non-member submission from [Erik Spjut ]

>From Erik_Spjut@HMC.Edu Tue Nov  4 20:53:56 1997 remote from 
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Date: Tue, 04 Nov 1997 12:56:53 -0800
From: Erik Spjut 
Subject: Re: stereo by dodge
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To: pete moss , csound 
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At 2:22 PM -0600 11/4/97, pete moss wrote:

>is one better than the other?  if ix = .5, then the signal will be
>between channels.  in the first case, the signal will be at half
>intensity, in the second, the signal will be multiplied by .707, which
>is greater than .5.  who has the better method, dodge or the rest of
>you?  i have been using the former method myself, but maybe dodge is
>better?

If one assumes that the loudness of a sound is proportional to its power
and that the power is proportional to the square of the amplitude, then
Dodge's method is correct. Most commercial mixing boards follow Dodge for
the pan pots.

The situation is of course not that simple but Dodge is usually a good
starting point.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Erik Spjut (rhymes with cute) - Acting Director,The Center for Design Education
and/or Associate Professor of Engineering
Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA 91711  USA
Erik_Spjut@hmc.edu      Ph & Voice mail (909) 607-3890      Fax (909) 621-8967



-- 
James Andrews, maths CDO, ext.3977