| Greetings:
MIDI message 192 is C0h, i.e., the program change message. Support for
receiving program change messages is indeed missing from the current
Csound source, so until it's fixed you'll dump Csound if your MIDIfile
sends it a program change. I've fixed it in my own source tree, but I'm
having troubles getting it back into the Linux Csound CVS. The fix is
very simple, and was supplied by Fabrizio Sciarra. Here's what he wrote
to me:
> I've patched the source midirecv.c in the procedure m_chanmsg just
> [by] putting a new case with a printout "PROGRAM CHANGE msg".
I added the case to the switch statement in midirecv.c and voila, no
more problems with program change messages. Please note however that
this is a stop-gap and does not constitute real support for the program
change message.
You can delete the pc messages from your MIDIfile and it should play
fine then.
David Schuyeteneer wrote:
> I tried to run test.orc/sco pair that comes with DXCsound with a midifile
> that I converted from format 1 to 0,
> and DXCsound reoprts an error :
>
> "unrecognised message type 192"
>
> The "format 1 not supported" error is gone, but now this....I really don't
> know what "message type" means...perhaps
> some particular midicommand not supported by (DX)Csound ??
== Dave Phillips
http://www.bright.net/~dlphilp/index.html
http://www.bright.net/~dlphilp/linux_soundapps.html
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Date: Fri, 11 Sep 1998 07:13:38 -0700
From: Erik Spjut
Subject: Re: amplitude question
In-reply-to: <199809102343.TAA00284@ruacad.runet.edu>
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To: Christian Guirreri , csound@maths.ex.ac.uk
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Any p value beyound p3 stands for whatever YOU decide it stands for. If you
want p4 to be the amplitude of a given note, YOU have to write the
instrument in such a way that it is.
There is no easy answer to the total amplitude that can be given without
distortion. The maximum value without distortion for all of your
instruments added together at their peak is either 32767 or -32768, but how
your instruments will add together and how their amplitudes should be set
is an EXTREMELY situation dependent problem. You either need to experiment
or use one of the Csound versions that lets you generate floating point
samples and then scales them to a max of 32767. Hope this helps.
At 7:46 PM -0400 9/10/98, Christian Guirreri wrote:
>Please excuse my noviceness....
>
>What exactly does the amplitude (p4) value stand for? What does it
>represent? What is the total amount of amplitude that can be given without
>distortion?
>
>Thanks,
>Christian Guirreri and Musc428 at Radford University
>cguirrer@runet.edu
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Erik Spjut (pronounce ju as long u or yew) - Associate Professor of Engineering
and Associate Director for Engineering Computing, Center for Design Education
Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA 91711-5990 USA
Erik_Spjut@hmc.edu Ph & Voice mail (909) 607-3890 Fax (909) 621-8967
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From: Andrew Callaghan
To: csound@maths.ex.ac.uk
Subject: csound on PC
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Not Another Novice!
There appears to be a lack of information on running csound on the PC...
I have windows 98 (soon NT).
I am looking for a reliable shell to run csound on windows 95, 98 or NT,
as well as any other applications which would be useful. I have found
several, but all are problematic (Including the applications found at
sites such as Bath).
If anyone has had a good experience with a shell, could you please
contact me with info on where to get it? Thanks.
Andrew Callaghan (Student, La Trobe University).
Email:
A_Callaghan@hotmail.com
______________________________________________________
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Date: Fri, 11 Sep 1998 07:55:01 -0700 (PDT)
From: Thorin Kerr
Subject: Re: amplitude question
To: csound@maths.ex.ac.uk
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Actually.... is it my imagination. Or is this a really crap problem
with csound?
---Erik Spjut wrote:
>
> Any p value beyound p3 stands for whatever YOU decide it stands for.
If you
> want p4 to be the amplitude of a given note, YOU have to write the
> instrument in such a way that it is.
>
> There is no easy answer to the total amplitude that can be given
without
> distortion. The maximum value without distortion for all of your
> instruments added together at their peak is either 32767 or -32768,
but how
> your instruments will add together and how their amplitudes should
be set
> is an EXTREMELY situation dependent problem. You either need to
experiment
> or use one of the Csound versions that lets you generate floating
point
> samples and then scales them to a max of 32767. Hope this helps.
>
> At 7:46 PM -0400 9/10/98, Christian Guirreri wrote:
> >Please excuse my noviceness....
> >
> >What exactly does the amplitude (p4) value stand for? What does it
> >represent? What is the total amount of amplitude that can be given
without
> >distortion?
> >
> >Thanks,
> >Christian Guirreri and Musc428 at Radford University
> >cguirrer@runet.edu
>
>
>
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
> Erik Spjut (pronounce ju as long u or yew) - Associate Professor of
Engineering
> and Associate Director for Engineering Computing, Center for
Design Education
> Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA 91711-5990 USA
> Erik_Spjut@hmc.edu Ph & Voice mail (909) 607-3890 Fax
(909) 621-8967
>
>
>
_________________________________________________________
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From: J P Fitch
To: Andrew Callaghan
cc: csound@maths.ex.ac.uk
Subject: Re: csound on PC
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Why do you need a shell? If you use a GUI thingy it is not necessary, and
if not, teh DOS-box is usually a sufficient shell. What else do you want?
==JOhn
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Date: Fri, 11 Sep 1998 08:42:35 -0700
From: Erik Spjut
Subject: Re: amplitude question
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It all depends on your perspective. Csound, like the language C, assumes
that you know what you're doing, which provides the expert with infinite
power, the novice with infinite headaches, and no easy path from one state
to the other.
If you want your hand held and to be protected from all mistakes, go buy a
commercial synth or a commercial program. If you want maximum flexibility
with the resultant responsibility and pain, use Csound. People on the list
are usually willing to help if you get stuck.
At 7:55 AM -0700 9/11/98, Thorin Kerr wrote:
>Actually.... is it my imagination. Or is this a really crap problem
>with csound?
[Amplitude Q & A deleted]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Erik Spjut (pronounce ju as long u or yew) - Associate Professor of Engineering
and Associate Director for Engineering Computing, Center for Design Education
Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA 91711-5990 USA
Erik_Spjut@hmc.edu Ph & Voice mail (909) 607-3890 Fax (909) 621-8967
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From: nunativs
To: Csound list
Subject: Individual Waves
Date: Thu, 10 Sep 1998 19:40:06 -0700
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Hi all,
I can't seem to figure this out. How can one render the individual
instruments in an orc as seperate waves for post processing & mixing.
Thanks,
Ken
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Date: Fri, 11 Sep 1998 09:06:48 -0700 (PDT)
From: Thorin Kerr
Subject: Re: amplitude question
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Yes, I agree with the notion of knowing what you're doing. But even
the best laid schemes...
Two things come to mind.
Granula synthesis via score generation caused me many headaches. You
don't have to be a novice for that to happen. Lots of tweaking cured it.
Dare I mention other DSP software... that provide options... even
defaults... even ask you before compilation.
errmmm.... that all being said, I have actually used the 32 bit
rescaling feature now and it seems to address that very problem. So
... thankyou all for your patience... I think I'll have a good cup of
tea.
---Erik Spjut wrote:
>
> It all depends on your perspective. Csound, like the language C,
assumes
> that you know what you're doing, which provides the expert with
infinite
> power, the novice with infinite headaches, and no easy path from one
state
> to the other.
>
> If you want your hand held and to be protected from all mistakes, go
buy a
> commercial synth or a commercial program. If you want maximum
flexibility
> with the resultant responsibility and pain, use Csound. People on
the list
> are usually willing to help if you get stuck.
>
> At 7:55 AM -0700 9/11/98, Thorin Kerr wrote:
> >Actually.... is it my imagination. Or is this a really crap problem
> >with csound?
>
> [Amplitude Q & A deleted]
>
>
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
> Erik Spjut (pronounce ju as long u or yew) - Associate Professor of
Engineering
> and Associate Director for Engineering Computing, Center for
Design Education
> Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA 91711-5990 USA
> Erik_Spjut@hmc.edu Ph & Voice mail (909) 607-3890 Fax
(909) 621-8967
>
>
>
_________________________________________________________
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Date: Fri, 11 Sep 1998 18:18:21 +0200
From: Josep M Comajuncosas
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MIME-Version: 1.0
To: Jim Stevenson , csound@maths.ex.ac.uk
Subject: Re: the use of Feedback ?
References: <199809102240.PAA00320@eos.arc.nasa.gov>
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I=B4ll send the orc&sco in ASCII then...
Jim Stevenson wrote:
> Please post in ascii, not attached mime.
> Some of us read e-mail on line, and do not want to download and mime
> unpack messages.
> It should be just as easy to simply paste in the relevant file.
>
> Thanks.
Here it is...
sr =3D 44100
kr =3D 44100
ksmps =3D 1
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
instr 1; very simple feedback simulator
; does feedback work this way???
; coded by Josep M Comajuncosas / sept.=B498
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
kfreq init 1152
kfdbk linseg .9, p3/5, 1.4, p3/5, .9, p3/5, 1.2, 2*p3/5, 1
asig pluck 1, 123, 123, 0, 1
atemp delayr 1/20
acomb deltapi 1/kfreq
aiir dcblock asig + kfdbk*acomb
aiir =3D aiir - aiir*aiir*aiir/6
delayw aiir
out acomb*20000
endin
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
instr 2; repluck feedback simulator?
; coded by Josep M Comajuncosas / sept.=B498
; This instrument is an accident ;-)
; but it gives wonderful noises !
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
kenv linseg 0 ,.05, 0 ,p3/3, 1, p3/3, 1, p3/3, 0
kfreq linseg 1152, p3/2, 673, p3/2, 451
acomb init 0
kfdbk linseg .5, p3/5, 1.1, p3/5, .9, p3/5, 1.2, 2*p3/5, 1
asig repluck .4, 1, 123, .7, .1, acomb
atemp delayr 1/20
acomb deltapi 1/kfreq; acomb routed back to repluck
aiir =3D asig + kfdbk*acomb
; cheap clipper
kiir downsamp aiir
kiir =3D (kiir > 1 ? 1:kiir)
kiir =3D (kiir < -1 ? -1:kiir)
aiir upsamp kiir
delayw aiir
; cheap clipper (bis)
ksig downsamp asig
ksig =3D (ksig > 1 ? 1:ksig)
ksig =3D (ksig < -1 ? -1:ksig)
asig upsamp ksig
out asig*20000*kenv
endin
;f1 0 8192 21 1
f1 0 8192 10 1
i2 0 20
s
i1 1 30
e
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From: Hans Mikelson
To: csound@maths.ex.ac.uk
MMDF-Warning: Parse error in original version of preceding line at UK.AC.Bath.maths.stork
Subject: Re: amplitude question
Date: Fri, 11 Sep 1998 11:36:36 -0500
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>Actually.... is it my imagination. Or is this a really crap problem
>with csound?
It's just your imagination.
Or you could use balance to put things right again.
Regards,
Hans Mikelson
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From: Hans Mikelson
To: Andrew Callaghan , csound@maths.ex.ac.uk
MMDF-Warning: Parse error in original version of preceding line at UK.AC.Bath.maths.stork
Subject: Re: csound on PC
Date: Fri, 11 Sep 1998 11:30:09 -0500
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>If anyone has had a good experience with a shell, could you please
>contact me with info on where to get it
I use Csound32 v3.3 on Win95. It's not perfect but it's OK.
Hans Mikelson
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From: nunativs
To: Hans Mikelson ,
Andrew Callaghan , csound@maths.ex.ac.uk
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Subject: Re: csound on PC
Date: Thu, 10 Sep 1998 20:20:25 -0700
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Hi,
There are several good shells now for running Csound though setting them
up can be a chore. The 2 best in my opinion and are radically different
are:
-WCShell, a more straight forward shell with lots of features.
http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Acres/4768/
and VisOrc which lets you do some of your Orc designing visually,
http://www.dingy.demon.co.uk/
Neither shell will get you away from having to learn Csound.
I also hear that Cecilia is being coded for Windows but that could be a
vicious rumor.
Ken Locarnini
-----Original Message-----
From: Hans Mikelson
To: Andrew Callaghan ; csound@maths.ex.ac.uk
Date: Friday, September 11, 1998 9:32 AM
Subject: Re: csound on PC
>>If anyone has had a good experience with a shell, could you please
>>contact me with info on where to get it
>
>I use Csound32 v3.3 on Win95. It's not perfect but it's OK.
>
>Hans Mikelson
>
>
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From: Hans Mikelson
To: Csound list
Subject: Re: Individual Waves
Date: Fri, 11 Sep 1998 11:39:58 -0500
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> I can't seem to figure this out. How can one render the individual
>instruments in an orc as seperate waves for post processing & mixing.
I comment out the ones I don't want to hear in the score. If you have a
text editor you can do this automatically but be careful. You can use the
"a" event to advance in the score.
Regards,
Hans Mikelson
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From: David Boothe
To: 'nunativs'
Cc: "Csound (E-mail)"
Subject: RE: Individual Waves
Date: Fri, 11 Sep 1998 11:47:45 -0500
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Here's an procedure similar to what I use:
1. create a new instr to generate sync pops as in syncpop.orc example below,
I call it instr 1.
2. Create a separate sco file for each instr, putting all statements for
that instr in a second section, with their original p2 times. The first
section is the sync pop as implemented in syncpop.sco below. Essentially you
are padding the front of the composition with 1 second then putting a sync
pop at the beginning.
3. In your multitrack editor (presumably a DAW type thing) line up all the
sync pops at the beginning, then cut exactly 1 second off the front of each
track.
Depending on the running time of your comp and the stability of your system
clock, you may need to divide the entire comp up into shorter, sequential
sections, to keep the tracks from drifting out of sync over time. In that
case repeat this procedure for all sections. I never do anything very long,
so I don't know about this last point. You'll just have to try it and see.
Hope this helps.
-David.
;-------------------------------------------
;syncpop.orc
sr = 44100
kr = 4410
ksmps = 10
nchnls = 1
instr 1 ;or whatever instr num is appropriate
a1 oscil 10000, 1000, 1 ;simple oscillator
;use ftable num appropriate
;to your sco for above oscil
out a1
endin
;-----------------------------------------
;syncpop.sco
f1 0 512 10 1
i1 0 .05
f0 1
s
;now start the i statements from your orc
;an example is below
i1 0 1
e
-----Original Message-----
From: nunativs [mailto:nunativs@jps.net]
Sent: Thursday, September 10, 1998 9:40 PM
To: Csound list
Subject: Individual Waves
Hi all,
I can't seem to figure this out. How can one render the individual
instruments in an orc as seperate waves for post processing & mixing.
Thanks,
Ken
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Date: Fri, 11 Sep 1998 13:50:41 -0500
To: csound@maths.ex.ac.uk
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From: tolve
Subject: maximizers; was amp question
Cc: Thorin Kerr , Tom Erbe ,
John ffitch , Jean Piche ,
"Matt J. Ingalls" ,
Alex Burton ,
Richard Boulanger , Mike Berry ,
David Madole ,
Gabriel Maldonado ,
Robin Whittle
anyone to offer csound perceived volume maximizing orc sco?
or better yet, an opcode?
amplitude. not csound crap but a universal problem. simply a simple matter
that isn't. and just when you think you have it under control, you create a
maxed out (32767) sound of minimum volume. with no hidden "loud"
frequencies above and below pitches audible to humans to confuse the
hardware. keep in mind that i am not talking about a long file with a
single transient hiding somewhere -just a single second or so of sound that
i just can't seem to crank up. and this happens far too frequently.
their are commercial products out there designed to increase perceived
volume of sounds that are otherwise maxed out. masterlist cd (for use with
digidesign products -a cruise of their ftp turned up an empty detailed info
folder) allegedly has a killer feature for maximizing files, and i believe
sonicworx.
have been told that some such features rely on complex algorithms to select
and limit certain frequencies while increasing volume of others to increase
overall perceived volume with minimum detrimental effect.
in fact my sense is that the professional audio industry frowns on
normalizing in general even at 90% though i personally don't encounter
problems that would become apparent if i was dealing with realistic human
voices, violins and such. and compression coupled with an increase in gain
is a solution even worse in for those purposes.
so does anyone have a handy dandy magic bullet at the ready for this in
csound, or other shareware or do i take out my credit card yet again? and
if yes on the credit card, what do our best and brightest recommend?
assistance or advice extremely appreciated.
tolve
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Date: Fri, 11 Sep 1998 13:50:41 -0500
To: csound@maths.ex.ac.uk
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From: tolve
Subject: maximizers; was amp question
Cc: Thorin Kerr , Tom Erbe ,
John ffitch , Jean Piche ,
"Matt J. Ingalls" ,
Alex Burton ,
Richard Boulanger , Mike Berry ,
David Madole ,
Gabriel Maldonado ,
Robin Whittle
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anyone to offer csound perceived volume maximizing orc sco?
or better yet, an opcode?
amplitude. not csound crap but a universal problem. simply a simple matter
that isn't. and just when you think you have it under control, you create a
maxed out (32767) sound of minimum volume. with no hidden "loud"
frequencies above and below pitches audible to humans to confuse the
hardware. keep in mind that i am not talking about a long file with a
single transient hiding somewhere -just a single second or so of sound that
i just can't seem to crank up. and this happens far too frequently.
their are commercial products out there designed to increase perceived
volume of sounds that are otherwise maxed out. masterlist cd (for use with
digidesign products -a cruise of their ftp turned up an empty detailed info
folder) allegedly has a killer feature for maximizing files, and i believe
sonicworx.
have been told that some such features rely on complex algorithms to select
and limit certain frequencies while increasing volume of others to increase
overall perceived volume with minimum detrimental effect.
in fact my sense is that the professional audio industry frowns on
normalizing in general even at 90% though i personally don't encounter
problems that would become apparent if i was dealing with realistic human
voices, violins and such. and compression coupled with an increase in gain
is a solution even worse in for those purposes.
so does anyone have a handy dandy magic bullet at the ready for this in
csound, or other shareware or do i take out my credit card yet again? and
if yes on the credit card, what do our best and brightest recommend?
assistance or advice extremely appreciated.
tolve
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Date: Fri, 11 Sep 1998 18:43:14 +0100
From: Gareth Whittock
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To: Andrew Callaghan
CC: csound@maths.ex.ac.uk
Subject: Re: csound on PC
References: <19980911144945.21937.qmail@hotmail.com>
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Andrew Callaghan wrote:
>
> Not Another Novice!
> There appears to be a lack of information on running csound on the PC...
> I have windows 98 (soon NT).
> I am looking for a reliable shell to run csound on windows 95, 98 or NT,
> as well as any other applications which would be useful. I have found
> several, but all are problematic (Including the applications found at
> sites such as Bath).
> If anyone has had a good experience with a shell, could you please
> contact me with info on where to get it? Thanks.
> Andrew Callaghan (Student, La Trobe University).
>
>I've tried absolutely EVERYTHING to make csound a little more friendly looking but I've ended up using a couple of notepads for orc and score and the MSDOS prompt-It's simpler.All the nice front ends i've tried are too idiosyncratic. As yet there is nothing to touch the MAC stuff like cecilia and Soundhack.
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Date: Fri, 11 Sep 1998 15:18:31 -0400 (EDT)
From: Kevin Gallagher
To: Christian Guirreri
cc: csound@maths.ex.ac.uk
Subject: Re: amplitude question
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Csound usually uses 16 bit amplitude resolution, the same as CD quality
audio. This means that there are 2^16 = 65536 possible amplitude values
for a sample, ranging from -32768 to +32767 (with one value reserved for
zero.) The dynamic range is therefore about 48dB (I think.)
The value you input for amplitude, in most cases p4, is the
maximum amplitude that any sample reaches. If you have a bunch of waves
happening at the same time, they add together and you have to be careful
you don't max out. The total amplitude of all the waves at a given time
can't exceed 32767. If a sample's amplitude spikes above 32767, csound
will set it at 32767 and you will have some distortion and a message about
samples out of range. Hope that helps.
Kevin Gallagher, kgallagh@astro.temple.edu
Web Address - http://astro.temple.edu/~kgallagh
On Thu, 10 Sep 1998, Christian Guirreri wrote:
> Please excuse my noviceness....
>
> What exactly does the amplitude (p4) value stand for? What does it
> represent? What is the total amount of amplitude that can be given without
> distortion?
>
> Thanks,
> Christian Guirreri and Musc428 at Radford University
> cguirrer@runet.edu
>
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From: jasonf@thei.net
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Date: Fri, 11 Sep 1998 19:40:32 -0500 (CDT)
To: csound@maths.ex.ac.uk
Subject: midi orc/sco files
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Hey,
I just started using Csound and am interested in realtime midi control. I've
followed the directions in the LinuxMIDIin.txt file that came with Csound. I
didn't get any errors, but the .orc/.sco file just played like I hadn't
specified the midi input. I'm assuming I have to have a .sco file written for
midi input before it'll work. Until I get good enough at Csound syntax to write
my own files, would some of you be willing to share your .orc/.sco files
written for midi input? I guess you can just send them directly to my email
address, or point me to a URL. One last thing, what kind of .sco file do I need
to get all of these DX7 .orc files I got from dx7orc2.zip working? Thanks in
advance.
Regards,
Jason
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Date: 11-Sep-98
Time: 19:32:02
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From: Antoine Lefebvre
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Hello
if you want your sound to work, you have to put in the .sco file all
the gen routine and an f0 statement that let csound know how many time it should
run.
example
f01 0 1024 10 1 ; simple sinus
f02 0 1024 7 0 128 10 256 10 256 -10 256 -10 128 0 ;ca. square wave
f03 0 1024 10 1 .5 .3 .2 .15 .12 ;six weighted sinusoids
f04 0 1024 10 1 .2 .05 ;three weighted sinusoids
f0 80 ;run during 80 seconds
e
instr 1
ifreq cpsmidi
asig oscili 5000, ifreq, 2
kampenv linenr 1, 0.1, 0.2, 0.01
out asig*kampenv
endin
And the command line should be:
csound -odevaudio -W -dm6 -M/dev/midi midi.orc midi.sco
Antoine
jasonf@thei.net wrote:
> Hey,
>
> I just started using Csound and am interested in realtime midi control. I've
> followed the directions in the LinuxMIDIin.txt file that came with Csound. I
> didn't get any errors, but the .orc/.sco file just played like I hadn't
> specified the midi input. I'm assuming I have to have a .sco file written for
> midi input before it'll work. Until I get good enough at Csound syntax to write
> my own files, would some of you be willing to share your .orc/.sco files
> written for midi input? I guess you can just send them directly to my email
> address, or point me to a URL. One last thing, what kind of .sco file do I need
> to get all of these DX7 .orc files I got from dx7orc2.zip working? Thanks in
> advance.
> Regards,
> Jason
>
> ----------------------------------
> E-Mail: jasonf@thei.net
> Date: 11-Sep-98
> Time: 19:32:02
>
> This message was sent by XFMail
> ----------------------------------
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Date: Fri, 11 Sep 1998 19:20:26 -0700 (PDT)
From: "B. Battey"
To: csound@maths.ex.ac.uk
Subject: csound 3.485 problem with floats?
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Last month, inspired by the 'floats' discussion on the list, I generated
some float files from csound and then ran those float files through
another csound instrument via the '-i' flag to scale them and write them
to an AIFF file. I was doing this work on Linux Csound version 3.482.1a.
I tried again this month using version 3.485, and it appears to me that
this newer version is not writing or reading float files correctly. When
reading the float files via the "-i" flag, csound is claiming that there
is no soundfile header and that it is assuming that data is shorts. It
then procedes to create a sound file of 100% tasty noise.
I get the same results running Irix csound 3.485.
Here are the test scenarios:
----------
Scenario 1:
reading an old float file I generated and used back in August
v3.482.1a: "reading 8192-byte blks of floats"
v3.485: "no soundfile header,assuming shorts"
-----------
Scenario 2:
reading in a fresh, new float file made with v 3.482.1a
v3.482.1a: "reading 8192-byte blks of floats"
v3.485: "no soundfile header,assuming shorts"
----------
Scenario 3:
reading a new float file made with v3.485
v3.482.1a: "no soundfile header, assuming shorts"
v.3.485: "no soundfile header,assuming shorts"
----------
Therefore: it seems csound 3.485 has a problem in BOTH reading and writing
float files.
Any one else seen this? Am I missing something?
Thanks,
Bret Battey
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Date: Fri, 11 Sep 1998 22:30:49 -0400
From: Job van Zuijlen
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To: csound@maths.ex.ac.uk
Subject: Re: amplitude question
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48 dB would be worse than an old-fashioned tape recorder...
Since we deal with power (sound pressure, Watts, etc), ten times
increase in
amplitude results in a 100 times increase in power, which is 20dB. So,
ideally, 16 bits could give you 96 dB dynamic range.
Job van Zuijlen
Kevin Gallagher wrote:
>
> Csound usually uses 16 bit amplitude resolution, the same as CD quality
> audio. This means that there are 2^16 = 65536 possible amplitude values
> for a sample, ranging from -32768 to +32767 (with one value reserved for
> zero.) The dynamic range is therefore about 48dB (I think.)
>
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Date: Sat, 12 Sep 1998 10:17:44 +0100
From: Gareth Whittock
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Subject: Thaks to all for the pointers to Csound examples.
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I've managed to get hold of enough material to get stuck in to csound
now- no more excuses.
Thanks chaps- I think!
Gareth Whittock |