I can't find it in the csound book,
csound power!, or even
the audio programming book.
I found it in csound power! on page 34 but it doesn't seem to get covered in
depth.
I want to know more about the orchestra header.
does oscil create a varying number from -1 to 1 or does it depend on what
0dbfs is set too?
Just guessing.
How do I use a filter without going samples out of range?



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Hey Cacophony,

You should check out the floss manual. It can be found under Examples-Floss manual examples- read Floss Manual Online. 

dBFS is just a measurement for amplitude in a digital system. 0dBFS is a reference value and the maximum level in digital systems before you'll probably start to clip. 

You can also use linear amplitude in Csound. 

The floss manual should answer your questions about filters, amplitude measurements, and the header. 


Hope that helps. 

Sent from my iPhone

> On Jul 20, 2017, at 9:17 PM, Cacophony7  wrote:
> 
> I can't find it in the csound book,
> csound power!, or even
> the audio programming book.
> I found it in csound power! on page 34 but it doesn't seem to get covered in
> depth.
> I want to know more about the orchestra header.
> does oscil create a varying number from -1 to 1 or does it depend on what
> 0dbfs is set too?
> Just guessing.
> How do I use a filter without going samples out of range?
> 
> 
> 
> --
> View this message in context: http://csound.1045644.n5.nabble.com/what-is-0dbfs-tp5757288.html
> Sent from the Csound - General mailing list archive at Nabble.com.
> 
> Csound mailing list
> Csound@listserv.heanet.ie
> https://listserv.heanet.ie/cgi-bin/wa?A0=CSOUND
> Send bugs reports to
>        https://github.com/csound/csound/issues
> Discussions of bugs and features can be posted here

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0dbfs stands for 0 decibels at full scale. Zero decibels is the
"loudest" sound, -6 dB is half as loud, and so on.  What 0dbfs means
is that the loudest sound is at the full scale of a digital channel.
For 16 bit samples as on a standard audio DB, the full scale is 32767.
So 0dbfs for CD audio is 32767.

For floating-point soundfiles, by convention, 0dbfs is 1, and this can
be confusing. 1 is used  because it is easy to use and the
floating-point numbers from 0 to 1 still encompass a much higher
degree of precision, 24 bits, and therefore a much larger dynamic
range  (144 dB), than the 16 bit numbers from -32767 to 32768 (96
decibels). Please note, the dynamic range of a healthy young person's
hearing is about the same as a 24 bit soundfile or a 0dbfs = 1
floating point soundfile, as good as any gear there is.

These concepts have nothing to do with the amplitude of an oscillator
in Csound, which by convention ranges from -1 to 1. Such a signal will
be rescaled by 0dbfs to fit the channel. If you set 0dbfs to 32767
(which is the default in Csound), 1 is much to faint to hear. If you
set 0dbfs to 1, then the oscillator's amplitude of 1 will be at full
scale, the loudest that can be recorded in the soundfile.

-----------------------------------------------------
Michael Gogins
Irreducible Productions
http://michaelgogins.tumblr.com
Michael dot Gogins at gmail dot com


On Thu, Jul 20, 2017 at 11:17 PM, Austin Rockman
 wrote:
> Hey Cacophony,
>
> You should check out the floss manual. It can be found under Examples-Floss manual examples- read Floss Manual Online.
>
> dBFS is just a measurement for amplitude in a digital system. 0dBFS is a reference value and the maximum level in digital systems before you'll probably start to clip.
>
> You can also use linear amplitude in Csound.
>
> The floss manual should answer your questions about filters, amplitude measurements, and the header.
>
>
> Hope that helps.
>
> Sent from my iPhone
>
>> On Jul 20, 2017, at 9:17 PM, Cacophony7  wrote:
>>
>> I can't find it in the csound book,
>> csound power!, or even
>> the audio programming book.
>> I found it in csound power! on page 34 but it doesn't seem to get covered in
>> depth.
>> I want to know more about the orchestra header.
>> does oscil create a varying number from -1 to 1 or does it depend on what
>> 0dbfs is set too?
>> Just guessing.
>> How do I use a filter without going samples out of range?
>>
>>
>>
>> --
>> View this message in context: http://csound.1045644.n5.nabble.com/what-is-0dbfs-tp5757288.html
>> Sent from the Csound - General mailing list archive at Nabble.com.
>>
>> Csound mailing list
>> Csound@listserv.heanet.ie
>> https://listserv.heanet.ie/cgi-bin/wa?A0=CSOUND
>> Send bugs reports to
>>        https://github.com/csound/csound/issues
>> Discussions of bugs and features can be posted here
>
> Csound mailing list
> Csound@listserv.heanet.ie
> https://listserv.heanet.ie/cgi-bin/wa?A0=CSOUND
> Send bugs reports to
>         https://github.com/csound/csound/issues
> Discussions of bugs and features can be posted here

Csound mailing list
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Send bugs reports to
        https://github.com/csound/csound/issues
Discussions of bugs and features can be posted here