The fundamental frequency is whatever you want, in the
vocal range you want to imitate.  It's the pitch of the note
you want to sound.

Victor

>
>    Hello everyone,
>
>   I executed the Fof's manual example to produce an alto
> "a", and besides it  doesnt seems much like an "a", I
> thought of an  orchestra of five  instruments to make the
> a-e-i-o-u choral. So I looked up the Appendice from  the
> manual with the Formant Frequencies and bandwidth. Ok, the
> Appendice  table give us the formant frequency, the
> bandwidth and the amplitude for  each component of each
> vowel, but how to know the "fundamental" frequency  for a
> vowel? The table didn't have to have four components:
> fundamental,  formant, bandwidth and amplitude, instead of
> just four?
>   I tried to use the fundamental from the vowel "a" manual
> example, using  the same fundamental to all the vowels and
> modifying the components  following the Formant Appendice
> for each vowel, but it resulted in inaudible  es, is, os
> and us.
>   What fundamental we need to use for the other vowels?
> There is other FOF  parameters we have to modify? The
> Formant Frequencies Appendice is  incomplete?
>   Below is my modified manual example for all the vowels:
>
> ---------------------
> 
>
> 
>
> -o fof.wav
>
> 
>
> 
>
> sr = 44100
> kr = 4410
> ksmps = 10
> nchnls = 1
>
> ; alto com o som de "a"
> instr 1
>
>   kfund = 261.659
>   koct = 0
>   kris = 0.003
>   kdur = 0.02
>   kdec = 0.007
>   iolaps = 14850
>   ifna = 1
>   ifnb = 2
>   itotdur = p3
>
>   kamp1 = ampdb(0)
>   kform1 = 800
>   kband1 = 80
>
>   kamp2 = ampdb(-4)
>   kform2 = 1150
>   kband2 = 90
>
>   kamp3 = ampdb(-20)
>   kform3 = 2800
>   kband3 = 120
>
>
>   kamp4 = ampdb(-36)
>   kform4 = 3500
>   kband4 = 130
>
>   kamp5 = ampdb(-60)
>   kform5 = 4950
>   kband5 = 140
>
>   a1 fof kamp1, kfund, kform1, koct, kband1, kris, \
>          kdur, kdec, iolaps, ifna, ifnb, itotdur
>   a2 fof kamp2, kfund, kform2, koct, kband2, kris, \
>          kdur, kdec, iolaps, ifna, ifnb, itotdur
>   a3 fof kamp3, kfund, kform3, koct, kband3, kris, \
>          kdur, kdec, iolaps, ifna, ifnb, itotdur
>   a4 fof kamp4, kfund, kform4, koct, kband4, kris, \
>          kdur, kdec, iolaps, ifna, ifnb, itotdur
>   a5 fof kamp5, kfund, kform5, koct, kband5, kris, \
>          kdur, kdec, iolaps, ifna, ifnb, itotdur
>
>   out (a1+a2+a3+a4+a5) * 16384
> endin
>
> ; alto com o som de "e"
> instr 2
>
>   kfund = 200
>   koct = 0
>   kris = 0.003
>   kdur = 0.02
>   kdec = 0.007
>   iolaps = 14850
>   ifna = 1
>   ifnb = 2
>   itotdur = p3
>
>   kamp1 = ampdb(0)
>   kform1 = 400
>   kband1 = 60
>
>   kamp2 = ampdb(-24)
>   kform2 = 1600
>   kband2 = 80
>
>   kamp3 = ampdb(-30)
>   kform3 = 2700
>   kband3 = 120
>
>
>   kamp4 = ampdb(-35)
>   kform4 = 3300
>   kband4 = 150
>
>   kamp5 = ampdb(-60)
>   kform5 = 4950
>   kband5 = 200
>
>   a1 fof kamp1, kfund, kform1, koct, kband1, kris, \
>          kdur, kdec, iolaps, ifna, ifnb, itotdur
>   a2 fof kamp2, kfund, kform2, koct, kband2, kris, \
>          kdur, kdec, iolaps, ifna, ifnb, itotdur
>   a3 fof kamp3, kfund, kform3, koct, kband3, kris, \
>          kdur, kdec, iolaps, ifna, ifnb, itotdur
>   a4 fof kamp4, kfund, kform4, koct, kband4, kris, \
>          kdur, kdec, iolaps, ifna, ifnb, itotdur
>   a5 fof kamp5, kfund, kform5, koct, kband5, kris, \
>          kdur, kdec, iolaps, ifna, ifnb, itotdur
>
>   out (a1+a2+a3+a4+a5) * 16384
> endin
>
> ; alto com o som de "i"
> instr 3
>
>   kfund = 261.659
>   koct = 0
>   kris = 0.003
>   kdur = 0.02
>   kdec = 0.007
>   iolaps = 14850
>   ifna = 1
>   ifnb = 2
>   itotdur = p3
>
>   kamp1 = ampdb(0)
>   kform1 = 350
>   kband1 = 50
>
>   kamp2 = ampdb(-20)
>   kform2 = 1700
>   kband2 = 100
>
>   kamp3 = ampdb(-30)
>   kform3 = 2700
>   kband3 = 120
>
>
>   kamp4 = ampdb(-36)
>   kform4 = 3700
>   kband4 = 150
>
>   kamp5 = ampdb(-60)
>   kform5 = 4950
>   kband5 = 200
>
>   a1 fof kamp1, kfund, kform1, koct, kband1, kris, \
>          kdur, kdec, iolaps, ifna, ifnb, itotdur
>   a2 fof kamp2, kfund, kform2, koct, kband2, kris, \
>          kdur, kdec, iolaps, ifna, ifnb, itotdur
>   a3 fof kamp3, kfund, kform3, koct, kband3, kris, \
>          kdur, kdec, iolaps, ifna, ifnb, itotdur
>   a4 fof kamp4, kfund, kform4, koct, kband4, kris, \
>          kdur, kdec, iolaps, ifna, ifnb, itotdur
>   a5 fof kamp5, kfund, kform5, koct, kband5, kris, \
>          kdur, kdec, iolaps, ifna, ifnb, itotdur
>
>   out (a1+a2+a3+a4+a5) * 16384
> endin
>
> ; alto com o som de "o"
> instr 4
>
>   kfund = 261.659
>   koct = 0
>   kris = 0.003
>   kdur = 0.02
>   kdec = 0.007
>   iolaps = 14850
>   ifna = 1
>   ifnb = 2
>   itotdur = p3
>
>   kamp1 = ampdb(0)
>   kform1 = 450
>   kband1 = 70
>
>   kamp2 = ampdb(-9)
>   kform2 = 800
>   kband2 = 80
>
>   kamp3 = ampdb(-16)
>   kform3 = 2830
>   kband3 = 100
>
>
>   kamp4 = ampdb(-28)
>   kform4 = 3500
>   kband4 = 130
>
>   kamp5 = ampdb(-55)
>   kform5 = 4950
>   kband5 = 135
>
>   a1 fof kamp1, kfund, kform1, koct, kband1, kris, \
>          kdur, kdec, iolaps, ifna, ifnb, itotdur
>   a2 fof kamp2, kfund, kform2, koct, kband2, kris, \
>          kdur, kdec, iolaps, ifna, ifnb, itotdur
>   a3 fof kamp3, kfund, kform3, koct, kband3, kris, \
>          kdur, kdec, iolaps, ifna, ifnb, itotdur
>   a4 fof kamp4, kfund, kform4, koct, kband4, kris, \
>          kdur, kdec, iolaps, ifna, ifnb, itotdur
>   a5 fof kamp5, kfund, kform5, koct, kband5, kris, \
>          kdur, kdec, iolaps, ifna, ifnb, itotdur
>
>   out (a1+a2+a3+a4+a5) * 16384
> endin
>
> ; alto com o som de "u"
> instr 5
>
>   kfund = 261.659
>   koct = 0
>   kris = 0.003
>   kdur = 0.02
>   kdec = 0.007
>   iolaps = 14850
>   ifna = 1
>   ifnb = 2
>   itotdur = p3
>
>   kamp1 = ampdb(0)
>   kform1 = 325
>   kband1 = 50
>
>   kamp2 = ampdb(-12)
>   kform2 = 700
>   kband2 = 60
>
>   kamp3 = ampdb(-30)
>   kform3 = 2530
>   kband3 = 170
>
>
>   kamp4 = ampdb(-40)
>   kform4 = 3500
>   kband4 = 180
>
>   kamp5 = ampdb(-64)
>   kform5 = 4950
>   kband5 = 200
>
>   a1 fof kamp1, kfund, kform1, koct, kband1, kris, \
>          kdur, kdec, iolaps, ifna, ifnb, itotdur
>   a2 fof kamp2, kfund, kform2, koct, kband2, kris, \
>          kdur, kdec, iolaps, ifna, ifnb, itotdur
>   a3 fof kamp3, kfund, kform3, koct, kband3, kris, \
>          kdur, kdec, iolaps, ifna, ifnb, itotdur
>   a4 fof kamp4, kfund, kform4, koct, kband4, kris, \
>          kdur, kdec, iolaps, ifna, ifnb, itotdur
>   a5 fof kamp5, kfund, kform5, koct, kband5, kris, \
>          kdur, kdec, iolaps, ifna, ifnb, itotdur
>
>   out (a1+a2+a3+a4+a5) * 16384
> endin
> 
>
> 
>
> f 1 0 4096 10 1
> f 2 0 1024 19 0.5 0.5 270 0.5
>
> i 1 0 1
> i 2 1 1
> i 3 2 1
> i 4 3 1
> i 5 4 1
> e
>
> 
>
> 
> ---------------------------------------------
>
>
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