Oh, forgot one other question. I'm on Windows XP using 5.12.

When I set the volume on my external soundcard (the Bithead) to be
appropriate for CSound playback, I usually have to turn it up a lot.
My CSound pieces might have peaks around 16,000.

If the operating system plays a beep, it is WAY loud. Very annoying to
have this sound blast from the headphones (or speakers).

I assume that the beep sound has been normalized to 0dBS. My CSound
piece has peaks around 16,000 which means it probably has an average
level of 4000 or less. So there is quite a level difference, if I
understand correctly. Anyone have an idea how to cope with this?

Hmm, it just occurred to me to replace the beep file with something quiet.

This leads to a related question. When combining several oscillators,
one can get very high peak values, that represent short transients
that could be safely clipped with little detrimental effect. I have
experimented with using the 'clip' opcode to try to provide gentle
clipping, peak limiting.  (ALSO: to protect against the "blowup"
phenomenon when you accidentally create a buggy instrument that tries
to play values in the millions.) I think 'clip' is working, but it
does some things I didn't expect (doing something to squelch the
volume at places where I thought the peak values would be lower) so I
wanted to check if anyone has a really good and proper way to use
'clip' for this purpose.

Thanks.


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