Hello, If I set 0dbfs = 8388608 and run the orc/sco below with the following command: csound -A -o ampMapTest.aiff ampMapTest.orc ampMapTest.sco and look at the waveform in Audacity I get one loud sine tone and one quiet sine tone. If I add the -3 flag for 24bit, csound tells me there are no samples out of range, but when I look at the waveform in Audacity I see one distorted tone followed by one loud tone. sndinfo and Audacity confirm that the audio file is 24 bit 96kHz. Admittedly I'm using an old version of csound (4.23). Am I missing something? ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;ampMapTest.orc;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; sr = 96000 kr = 96000 nchnls = 1 0dbfs = 8388608 instr 1 aSig oscil p4, 440, 1 out aSig endin ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;ampMapTest.orc;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;ampMapTest.sco;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; f1 0 16384 10 1 i1 0 3 8388608 i1 4 3 32767 e ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;ampMapTest.orc;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; Using default language read PEAK data: creation time: Sun Sep 9 16:38:33 2007 CH 1: peak = 1.000000 at sample 70520: 0.7346 secs ampMapTest.aiff: AIFF, 672000 samples, no looping AIFF soundfile, looping with modes 1, 0 srate 96000, monaural, 16 bit shorts, 7.00 seconds headersiz 78, datasiz 1344000 (672000 sample frames) LCAT-19:~/Desktop/noiseExperiments/oscScores bwillkie$ csound -3 -A -o ampMapTest.aiff ampMapTest.orc ampMapTest.sco Using default language 0dBFS level = 32767.0 Csound Version 4.23f03 (03/10/03) orchname: ampMapTest.orc scorename: ampMapTest.sco orch compiler: 12 lines read instr 1 sorting score ... ... done Csound Version 4.23f03 (03/10/03) graphics not supported on this terminal, ascii substituted 0dBFS level = 8388608.0 orch now loaded audio buffered in 1024 sample-frame blocks SFDIR undefined. using current directory writing 3072-byte blks of 24bit ints to ampMapTest.aiff (AIFF) SECTION 1: ftable 1: ftable 1: 16384 points, scalemax 1.000 new alloc for instr 1: B 0.000 .. 3.000 T 3.000 TT 3.000 M:8388608.0 B 3.000 .. 4.000 T 4.000 TT 4.000 M: 0.0 B 4.000 .. 7.000 T 7.000 TT 7.000 M: 32767.0 end of score. overall amps:8388608.0 overall samples out of range: 0 0 errors in performance peak CH 1: 8388608.000000 (written: 1.000000) at 70520 657 3072-byte soundblks of 24bit ints written to ampMapTest.aiff (AIFF)