Hello,

On an Android app, when starting and stopping Csound, about 1 out of 10
times the channels would output L-R reversed. nchnls is set to 2 and the
same behaviour happened with outch, outs and outc. The reversal coincides
with this message in logCat, although sometimes the message appears without
causing reversal:

I/AudioTrack﹕ track is underrun status. skip wait time.

The message sometimes repeats more 2 or 3 times in a row. Sometimes the
channels would revers a few milliseconds after sound starts to output.

The orchestra uses diskin2 but I also tested with soundin and got the same
results. I tested with an oscil signal on one channel and diskin2 on the
other and the reversal still happened.

If I instantiate CsoundObj with useAudioTrack set to true, there are no
reversals and no track underrun messages. 

I'm using the latest Android Csound library and a Galaxy S3 running KitKat
4.4.2


Hector






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What do you do when you starting/stopping? What is the sequence of operations?
Looks like rtopensl might not be safely closed or reinitialised.

========================
Dr Victor Lazzarini
Senior Lecturer
NUI Maynooth, Ireland
victor dot lazzarini at nuim dot ie




On 29 Jul 2014, at 18:09, hcenteno  wrote:

> Hello,
> 
> On an Android app, when starting and stopping Csound, about 1 out of 10
> times the channels would output L-R reversed. nchnls is set to 2 and the
> same behaviour happened with outch, outs and outc. The reversal coincides
> with this message in logCat, although sometimes the message appears without
> causing reversal:
> 
> I/AudioTrack﹕ track is underrun status. skip wait time.
> 
> The message sometimes repeats more 2 or 3 times in a row. Sometimes the
> channels would revers a few milliseconds after sound starts to output.
> 
> The orchestra uses diskin2 but I also tested with soundin and got the same
> results. I tested with an oscil signal on one channel and diskin2 on the
> other and the reversal still happened.
> 
> If I instantiate CsoundObj with useAudioTrack set to true, there are no
> reversals and no track underrun messages. 
> 
> I'm using the latest Android Csound library and a Galaxy S3 running KitKat
> 4.4.2
> 
> 
> Hector
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
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Thanks Victor for asking,

For instantiating CsoundObj I do (once during the app's life cycle):

csoundObj = new CsoundObj();
csoundObj.messagePoster = this;
csoundObj.setMessageLoggingEnabled(true);
csoundObj.addCompletionListener(this);
csoundObj.addValueCacheable(new CsoundValueCacheable() { 
... // I'm setting up a few CsoundObj.getInputChannelPtrs here
}); 

Then to start I'm doing
- A series of calls to csound.setOption to set some flags
- csoundObj.startCsound(csdFile) to start Csound
- Then I trigger instruments using csoundObj.sendScore calls.

I'm only calling csoundObj.stopCsound() for stopping.

Best,

Hector




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Do you re-instantiate CsoundObj and do all the init startup things you describe, after
a stop? 

========================
Dr Victor Lazzarini
Senior Lecturer
NUI Maynooth, Ireland
victor dot lazzarini at nuim dot ie




On 29 Jul 2014, at 23:11, hcenteno  wrote:

> Thanks Victor for asking,
> 
> For instantiating CsoundObj I do (once during the app's life cycle):
> 
> csoundObj = new CsoundObj();
> csoundObj.messagePoster = this;
> csoundObj.setMessageLoggingEnabled(true);
> csoundObj.addCompletionListener(this);
> csoundObj.addValueCacheable(new CsoundValueCacheable() { 
> ... // I'm setting up a few CsoundObj.getInputChannelPtrs here
> }); 
> 
> Then to start I'm doing
> - A series of calls to csound.setOption to set some flags
> - csoundObj.startCsound(csdFile) to start Csound
> - Then I trigger instruments using csoundObj.sendScore calls.
> 
> I'm only calling csoundObj.stopCsound() for stopping.
> 
> Best,
> 
> Hector
> 
> 
> 
> 
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No, I don't re-instantiate or do the init part after stopping. I found that I
didn't need it to get everything working again after stopping (the
cacheables, messages, completion listener, etc). 

I do set the flags again before restarting Csound since those seem to be
gone after stopping.




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Can you try re-instantiating and doing the init part? That would tell us whether the problem is
related to this partial re-start.

========================
Dr Victor Lazzarini
Senior Lecturer
NUI Maynooth, Ireland
victor dot lazzarini at nuim dot ie




On 29 Jul 2014, at 23:33, hcenteno  wrote:

> No, I don't re-instantiate or do the init part after stopping. I found that I
> didn't need it to get everything working again after stopping (the
> cacheables, messages, completion listener, etc). 
> 
> I do set the flags again before restarting Csound since those seem to be
> gone after stopping.
> 
> 
> 
> 
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I just tried re-instantiating and initializing and the reversal and the
underrun messages still happened.



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Do they happen after you stop, or after you restart?

========================
Dr Victor Lazzarini
Senior Lecturer
NUI Maynooth, Ireland
victor dot lazzarini at nuim dot ie




On 30 Jul 2014, at 00:09, hcenteno  wrote:

> I just tried re-instantiating and initializing and the reversal and the
> underrun messages still happened.
> 
> 
> 
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Both the channel reversal and the underrun messages happen right after
starting, when sound just starts to be heard. Sometimes I can hear the
channels swapping a few milliseconds after starting. The underrun message
sometimes happens without any reversal.



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... once the channels swap they remain swapped until I stop and restart
Csound (via a button on the app's UI). They would swap again randomly about
1 out of 10 times I start playback (from stopped state).



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Do you hear dropouts when the underrun happens? By what you’re describing, in one
of the audiotrack’s buffer layers there is an underrun of one (or an odd number of)
sample, which offsets all subsequent buffers. As they are interleaved, the channels
get reversed. However, I don’t see anything in the Csound android code that can 
cause that. What values of -b and -B do you use? You can try increasing -B.

========================
Dr Victor Lazzarini
Senior Lecturer
NUI Maynooth, Ireland
victor dot lazzarini at nuim dot ie




On 30 Jul 2014, at 01:45, hcenteno  wrote:

> ... once the channels swap they remain swapped until I stop and restart
> Csound (via a button on the app's UI). They would swap again randomly about
> 1 out of 10 times I start playback (from stopped state).
> 
> 
> 
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Hello Victor,

Thank you! That's the explanation for the channel reversal I was trying to
find. 

To answer your question, no, I don't hear any dropouts. It seems that the
buffer underruns happen only when Csound is just starting because otherwise
performance is clean and uneventful (with or without channels reversed).
I'll experiment with different -b and -B values. Right now I'm using:

--output=dac --iobufsamps=-1 --hardwarebufsamps=2048 --control-rate=480
--sample-rate=48000

Since I'm using -1 for -b then -b=ksmps, which equates to:
ksmps=100
-b 100 
-B 2048 

Maybe -b is too small. I'll try with a larger negative value for -b.

I'm still wondering why when not using OpenSL (audioTrack = true) I don't
get this problem. Does using OpenSL really improve performance as compared
to AudioTrack? I think there is a thread here discussing that so I'll
revisit it.

Thanks again! 



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on the AudioTrack vs OpenSL question, I found this:

"OpenSL ES usage can't affect audio quality because it is just a wrapper
over AudioTrack class in Android OS, so basically it is the same but when
OpenSL ES used in native app it allows to skip calls to JNI interface and to
avoid interacting with Dalvik Java virtual machine. But in terms of quality,
the same 16-bit output is used because it is max when Android OS allows.
Usage of OpenSL ES helped to minimize CPU usage due to absence of above said
overhead."

I wonder if there will be any improvements now that Google has completely
dropped Dalvik in favour of ART for the next Android release (code-named
"L"). I've read of some improvements in audio latency in L and that they are
finally adding native support for USB audio.



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So I tried different sizes of -B and -b but I still got the message:

I/AudioTrack﹕ track is underrun status. skip wait time.

Repeated once or sometimes twice right after starting performance... but I
should have mentioned that I'm using two diskin2 opcodes so maybe the
underrun happens while the files are being opened. 

The underruns don't bother me at all, it is just the ocasional channel
reversal that is problematic. I wonder if there is something that can be
done to avoid that buffer offset when dropping buffers. Is this offset
happening in the OpenSL or AudioTrack internals?

Thanks!



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I would suggest these settings

ksmps=64

-b 512
-B 2048

Re: audiotrack, it might depend on the hardware, but rtopensl should be more efficient.
========================
Dr Victor Lazzarini
Senior Lecturer
NUI Maynooth, Ireland
victor dot lazzarini at nuim dot ie




On 30 Jul 2014, at 09:19, Victor Lazzarini  wrote:

> Do you hear dropouts when the underrun happens? By what you’re describing, in one
> of the audiotrack’s buffer layers there is an underrun of one (or an odd number of)
> sample, which offsets all subsequent buffers. As they are interleaved, the channels
> get reversed. However, I don’t see anything in the Csound android code that can 
> cause that. What values of -b and -B do you use? You can try increasing -B.
> 
> ========================
> Dr Victor Lazzarini
> Senior Lecturer
> NUI Maynooth, Ireland
> victor dot lazzarini at nuim dot ie
> 
> 
> 
> 
> On 30 Jul 2014, at 01:45, hcenteno  wrote:
> 
>> ... once the channels swap they remain swapped until I stop and restart
>> Csound (via a button on the app's UI). They would swap again randomly about
>> 1 out of 10 times I start playback (from stopped state).
>> 
>> 
>> 
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A bit off topic but not completely.  The OpenSL driver in the code for the Csound6 android app may do something similar. In addition the audio output is easily overburdened and becomes very glitchy in thicker textures.

I've added code to print the frames per buffer and frames per second reported by the android AudioManager. On my tablet that is 960 and 48000. If I set ksmps and sr accordingly, things go better but are still not perfect.

Regards,
Mike